Maintenance Facilities Condominium

Sample details Pages: 29 Words: 8806 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? The Study of Satisfaction Level of Occupants towards the Maintenance and Facilities in PV10 Condominium Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1Background The population in Malaysia is on a rapid growth and this can be seen in the last three (3) years, 2007 2009. According to the Department of Statistics Malaysia, the population growth was from 27.17 million (2007) to 28.31 million (2009). That shows an increase of 1.14 million within three (3) years. This population figure was last updated on the 31 st July 2009. (Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Website, 2009) According to the International and National Context of Growth from the Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020, the figure below illustrates the function of Kuala Lumpur and its conurbation (KLC). The figure illustrates functional pyramid for the KLC with more specialised urban functions towards the apex of the pyramid, which represents Kuala Lumpur and more general functions towards its base, representing the remainder of the KLC. (DBKL International and National Context of Growth, 2009) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Maintenance Facilities Condominium | Construction Dissertations" essay for you Create order Figure 1Functional Pyramid Source: DBKL International and National Context of Growth (2009) From Figure 1, it is shown that the number of population increases. However, the land area still remains the same. Land scarcity is faced by the people of Kuala Lumpur as more construction works are carried out to meet the demand of the increasing population. The relationship between population and living standard is obvious as the graph shows that the living standard is proportional to the population. According to Datuk Michael Yam (2009), Kuala Lumpurs 1.7 million population is expected to expand by 30% within the next decade and that the market is getting more sophisticated with consumers demanding more facilities, convenience and built quality to improve their quality of life. (The Star, 28 March 2009) Condominiums are on high demand in a high density area like Kuala Lumpur due to the population increase and at the same time this highly populated area is facing scarcity of land. However, the satisfaction of the occupants in a condominium is important to ensure that developers will be able to continue to expand such projects in their firm. This is because, liberalization or opening up of the market gives wider choices of goods or services for consumers which contribute to their satisfaction. (The Star, 6 July 2009) Therefore, the facilities and maintenance provided in a condominium are important to meet the occupants satisfaction towards the condominium they are staying. 1.2Problem Statement In Malaysia, as the population rises through the years, the construction of condominium development also has to increase to meet the demand of increasing residents. As the latest statistic stated that there is a population of 28.31 million (in 2009), there will also be an increase in land use. (Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Website, 2009) In Kuala Lumpur, despite the softer conditions in the property market construction will still be an on-going process. According to one of the top companies like Sunrise Sdn. Bhd, they expect to perform well in the next two to three years due to its high unbilled sales of RM 1.36 billion. As at July, Sunrise had sold 93% of 10 Mount Kiara (MK10) units, 45% of 11 Mount Kiara (MK 11), 92% of Solaris Dutamas, 9% of The Residence Phase 2B, 90% of Mont Kiara Meridin, 95% of Mont Kiara Banyan, and 100% of Kiara Designer Suites-Kiara Walk. (The Star, 29 October 2008) As Sunrise is focusing more on the condominium residential type of construction, it is shown that condominium is still in high demand despite the slow economic flow at the moment. However, there must be certain factors which cause the homebuyers to set their mind on purchasing the condominium of their choice. To successfully compete in the long term, the company must be sure that existing customers are satisfied. Providing superior quality and keeping customers satisfied are rapidly becoming the ways for companies to stand out among the other companies. (Zeljko M. TorbicaandRobert C. Stroh., 2001) Figure 2Complaints Statistics (Year 2006) Source: National Home Buyers Association (2006) According to the National House Buyers Association, management and maintenance ranked second in the types of complaint in the complaints statistics. (National House Buyers Association, 2006) The complaints statistics is as illustrated in Figure 2. Therefore, it is important to carry out the research about the satisfaction of the occupants in the aspect of the maintenance and facilities provided in a condominium. Besides that, ways of improving the maintenance and facilities from the occupants point of view will also be carried out in this research. 1.3Aim Objectives Aim To look into the satisfaction levels of occupants towards the maintenance and facilities of the condominium. Objectives vTo determine the satisfaction of occupants in PV 10 Condominium with the maintenance and facilities provided. vTo determine the ways to improve the maintenance and facilities to increase the satisfaction of occupants in PV10 Condominium. 1.4Benefits/Importance of Study This study will benefit three parties; consisting of the developer, the management of the condominium and the occupants of condominiums. The developers will be able to plan their construction wisely to increase the demand in houses and preserve the developers reputation as it is one of the essential key to success for a developer. On the other hand, occupants or homebuyers will benefit when they are able to purchase and stay in the type of house they wish to have, and to own a worth buying piece of property. Besides that, the management of the condominium will be able to plan their management in the maintenance and facilities offered to the occupants as this is the key to customer satisfaction. 1.5Scope of Study This case study will be carried out in PV 10, Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak. There are 4 blocks of condominium in PV10 and they will be taken into consideration for this research. This place is chosen because it is one of the latest condominiums built in one of the highly populated area. Maintenance and facilities offered will be further looked into. The maintenance in the condominium will cover the cleanliness and collection of rubbish maintenance, the lifts operation and lighting maintenance and water maintenance. On the other hand, the facilities in the condominium will cover the recreational facilities such as play ground for children, health facilities and the safety facilities. In addition, another facility which will be looked into will be the car parks provided. Maintenance of facilities will also be explained. 1.6Research Methodology 1.6.1Introduction The increase in condominium construction is proportional to the rapid growth of the population in Malaysia. Besides that, land scarcity in high density areas of Kuala Lumpur forces the people to go further into the development of condominiums. 1.6.2Literature Review Data collected will be secondary type of data collection. They consist of: Books Relevant books will be from the Tunku Abdul Rahman Library and National Library. The type of books will be those under building maintenance, facility management, economy, development, research and dissertation studies, property management and other relevant books to the research study. Magazines and Newspapers Magazines and newspapers used will be from local newspapers and magazines. Newspapers search will be the online type of newspaper. News and updates will be taken based on current issues regarding construction, development, property, and maintenance and facilities management that are reported in the newspapers and magazines. Online resources and Journals Online resources will be from reliable sources which provide reference of research papers such as online journals and articles. Relevant sources to the research studies will be taken into consideration through these websites. Online journals will also be those which are regarding with the research study and are available through the college library website which linked to reliable sources such as Emerald. 1.6.3Background PV10 will be the place of case study for this research. This condominium is situated at Jalan Genting Kelang. Resources will be obtained from the management of the condominium and the developer of the condominium. 1.6.4Analysis Primary data will be used in this research and data through this type of data will be analysed. Questionnaire will be selected in order to scrutinize the feedback from the respondent. First, a set of questionnaire will be set. After that, the set of questionnaire will be distributed to occupants in PV10 to get their responds. A selected sample size of 200 will be chosen randomly. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software will be used to analyse the data. Snowball sampling type will be used to determine the satisfaction of occupants in PV10. This type of sampling is chosen as this sampling design will be given out randomly. Besides that, this study design will increase the number of participants in process. 1.6.5Conclusion Recommendation Ways of improving the condominium will be suggested base on the data that will be collected. Figure 3Research methodology References Author unknown, Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Website. 2009. Population (updated 31 July 2009). Viewed on 2 August 2009. Available from: https://www.statistics.gov.my/eng/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=50:populationcatid=38:kaystatsItemid=11 Author unknown, DBKL. 2009. Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020: International and National Context of Growth. Viewed on 10 July 2009. Available from: https://www.dbkl.gov.my/pskl2020/english/international_and_national_context_of_growth/index.htm Ng, A. 2009. Raising KLs living standards. Viewed on 10 July 2009. Available from: https://star-space.com/news/story.asp?file=/2009/3/28/pnews/3557279sec=pnews Tan Sri Abdul Rahman Mamat, 2009. Making sense of liberalisation. Viewed on 10 July 2009. Available from: https://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/7/6/business/4240867sec=business Author unknown, 2009. Sunrise is confident RM1.3bil in unbilled sales can sustain performance over three years. Viewed 10 July 2009. Available from: https://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/10/29/business/2397990sec=business Torbica, Zeljko M. and Stroh., Robert C. 2001. Customer satisfaction in home building. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 127(1), pp.82. Author unknown, 2006. Complaints Statistics. Viewed on 10 July 2009. Available from: https://www.hba.org.my/HBA/Statistic/complaints_2006.htm Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1Introduction Looking into the population of the world, it is clear that the population will increase as the years go by. The population in the urban areas will increase while the population in the rural areas will decrease through the years. This can be proven when the United Nations (2008), when the World Urbanization Prospects the 2007 Revision corroborates that the world population will reach a landmark in 2008 for the first time in history, as the urban population will equal the rural population of the world and, from then on, the world population will be urban in its majority. The United Nation (2008) also stated that from the year 2007 to 2050, the world population is expected to increase by 2.5 billion, passing from 6.7 billion to 9.7 billion. At the same time, the population living in urban areas is to gain 3.1 billion in 2007 to 6.4 billion in 2050. Thus, the urban form has interdependently affected the development and the governance of the city. Generally, the population in Malaysia will increase as the years go by. The population in the urban areas will increase and this can be seen in the increasing population of the World Class City of Kuala Lumpur. The Draft Kuala Lumpur (KL) City Plan 2020 has five (5) core guiding principles that will frame the draft, and one of these principles is Planning For and With the People (DBKL, 2009). Density Structure of Kuala Lumpur Strategic Zones Area Sq. Kms Population 2005 Density 2005 (person/ sq. km) Population 2020 Density 2020 (person/ sq. km) City Centre 17.7915 143,000 8,038 245,611 13,805 Figure 4 shows the density structure of Kuala Lumpur. The figure also shows that Wangsa Maju Maluri which is within the Setapak area, rank the highest in the 2005 data on population. At the same time, the population is expected to increase and become the third highest in population by the year 2020. According to the DBKL (2009), Kuala Lumpur is a city that houses 2.2 million populations and provides employment to 1.4 million people. The City will thus ensure whatever its plans, builds or develop are based on the wants and needs of the people. Furthermore, the Future Population of Kuala Lumpur in DBKL (2009) stressed that Kuala Lumpur must be liveable in order to encourage people to live in the City comfortably and through the plan allows for an additional 600,000 people in the next 12 years. From the Draft KL City Plan 2020, it shows that the satisfaction of the occupants is also taken into consideration when planning of the city is done. Therefore, this research will focus on the satisfaction level of occupants in one of the most populated area, Setapak. In this chapter, there will be reviews on some key words definition regarding the research study from various sources and the various maintenance and facilities which may also include explanation on some of the types of maintenance and function of maintenance. Reports and case studies on maintenance and facilities will also be included in this chapter. 2.1.1Definitions The satisfaction level of occupants towards the maintenance and facilities in a condominium can be defined as the repair works and the upkeep of a condominium together with the functional things and services provided which fulfil the needs, claim or desire that gives gratification to the occupants or residents of the condominium. Further clarification of this statement can be found through the definition of the key words such as satisfaction, occupants, maintenance, facilities and condominium. 2.1.1.1Satisfaction Finch (2004) proposed that customer satisfaction with facilities is determined not only by technical performance, but also by an intricate set of exchange process, such as effective communication and management of expectations.Salleh and Abdul Ghani (2008) also mentioned that residential and neighbourhood satisfaction is an important indicator of housing quality and condition, which affects individuals quality of life. Besides that, according to the MSN Encarta Dictionary (2009), satisfaction means happiness with arrangement, which can refer to the happiness with the way that something has been arranged or done. On the other hand, Compact Oxford English Dictionary (2009) defined satisfaction is the state of being satisfied and by the law, it is the payment of a debt of fulfilment of an obligation or claim. In addition, Longman English Dictionary Online (2009) further defines that satisfaction is a feeling of happiness or pleasure when someone gets something that they want, need or ha ve demanded. 2.1.1.2Occupant The Longman English Dictionary Online (2009) defines occupants as someone who lives in a house, room etc. Meanwhile, MSN Encarta Dictionary (2009) defines occupant as a resident of a place. The Compact Oxford English Dictionary (2009) further clarifies that occupant as a person who occupies a place at a given time. Besides that, according to the Laws of Malaysia (2007), occupier means the person in actual occupation of the building, but, in the case of premises for lodging purposes, does not include a lodger. 2.1.1.3Maintenance Maintenance is synonymous with controlling the condition of a building so that its pattern lies within specified regions as defined by Lee (White, 1969). The MSN Encarta Dictionary (2009) defines maintenance as the continuing repair work where work that is done regularly to keep a machine, building or piece of equipment in good condition and working order. Compact Oxford English Dictionary (2009) further defines maintenance as the process of maintaining or being maintained. Longman English Dictionary Online (2009) also clarifies in depth that maintenance is the repairs, painting etc. that are necessary to keep something in good condition. In fact, Chanter and Swallow (1996) identified maintenance as actions that relate not only to the physical execution of maintenance work, but also those concerned with its initiation, financing and organisation, and the notion of an acceptable condition. This implies an understanding of the requirements for the effective usage of the building and its parts, which in turn compels broader consideration of building performance from the definition of BS3811 (1984), as it defines maintenance as a combination of any actions carried out to retain an item in, or restore it to an acceptable condition. Besides that, Singh (1996) further defined building maintenance as work undertaken in order to keep, restore or improve every facility, i.e. every part of a building, its services and surrounds to a currently accepted standard, and to sustain the utility and value of facility. 2.1.1.4Facilties The MSN Encarta Dictionary (2009) defines facility as something with particular function, in which something is designed or created to provide a service or fulfil a need. Besides that, Compact Oxford English Dictionary (2009) defines facility as a building, service, or piece of equipment provided for a particular purpose. Longman English Dictionary Online (2009) further defines facility as a place or building used for a particular activity or industry, or for providing a particular type of service. With these definitions explained from the dictionaries, facilities can be define as services or equipments provided to improve the effectiveness of a building. However, facilities are further clarified by the Charted Institute of Building (CIOB) with the definition that facilities management is an umbrella term under which a wide range of property and user related functions may be brought together for the benefit of the organisation and its employees as a whole (Flanagan et al., 1995). Meanwhile, Alexander (1996) mentioned in his paper that facilities management is first and foremost about organizational effectiveness. 2.1.1.5Condominum The House Buyers Association (2009) mentioned that the word condominium comes from the Latin word con which means together and dominium, meaning property. There are two parts in this type of property ownership. They are the ownership of the individual unit and joint ownership of the common property, in which the property is shared with other unit owners in the project. The MSN Encarta Dictionary (2009) defines condominium as an individually owned apartment, which is an individually owned unit of real estate, especially an apartment or town house, in a building or on land that is owned in common by the owners of the units. Meanwhile, the Compact Oxford English Dictionary (2009) further defines condominium as a building or complex containing a number of individually owned flats or houses. Longman English Dictionary Online (2009) later defines that condominium is one apartment in a building with several apartments, each of which is owned by the people living in it. 2.2Maintenance In Condominium For the maintenance in condominium in Malaysia, there is an act that was specially gazetted on 12th April 2007 for the purpose of maintaining the condominium and its surrounding, together with the facilities available in the condominium. According to the Laws of Malaysia (2007), under the act 663 building and common property (maintenance and management) act 2007, the act is to provide for proper maintenance and management of building and common property, and for matters incidental thereto. Maintenance in the condominium comprises maintenance of all the common property area in the condominium. The building and common property (maintenance and management) act 2007 further defines common property as development area not comprised in any parcel, such as the structural elements of the building, stairs, stairways, fire escapes, entrances and exits, corridors, lobbies, fixtures and fittings, lifts, refuse chutes, refuse bins, compounds, drains, water tanks, sewers, pipes, wires, cables and ducts that serve more than one parcel, the exterior of all common parts of the building, playing fields and recreational areas, driveways, car parks and parking areas, open spaces, landscape areas, walls and fences, and all other facilities and installations and any part of the land used or capable of being used or enjoyed in common by all the occupiers of the building. Charges which means any money collected by the owner, developer, Body or managing agent from the purchaser for the maintenance and management of the building or land intended for subdivision into parcels and common property, will be taken from the building maintenance account which is also known as building maintenance fund after the account is passed to the Joint Management Body (Laws of Malaysia, 2007). 2.2.1Types of Maintenance According to Gurjit Singh (1996), generally, maintenance management can be approached in the following ways: vCyclical maintenance: this is maintenance for recurring items such as redecoration. vNon-cyclical maintenance: this will apply to the items identified in the condition survey and includes items that need major repairs and replacements. vPlanned preventive maintenance: this is maintenance which is carried out on regular basis to prevent breakdowns. It has the advantage of predicting the loss of facility to the owner and down-time. vEmergency maintenance: this is maintenance which is carried out only when there is a breakdown. It is normally expensive and increases the amount of non productive time. Chanter and Swallow (1996) further explained the types of maintenance according to definitions given in BS 3811 and produced flow charts to summarise the types of maintenance and decision based types of maintenance as below: (1)Planned maintenance: This is maintenance organised and carried out with forethought, control and the use of records to a predetermined plan. (2)Unplanned maintenance: Ad hoc maintenance carried out to no predetermined plan. (3)Preventive maintenance: Maintenance carried out at predetermined intervals, or corresponding to prescribed criteria, and intended to reduce the probability of failure, or the performance degradation of an item. (4)Corrective maintenance: Maintenance carried out after failure has occurred, and intended to restore an item to a state in which it can perform its required function. (5)Emergency maintenance: Maintenance which it is necessary to put in hand immediately to avoid serious consequences. (6)Condition based maintenance: Preventive maintenance initiated as a result of knowledge of the condition of an item from routine or continuous monitoring. (7)Scheduled maintenance: Preventive maintenance carried out to a pre determined interval of time, number of operations, mileage, etc. Figure 5Decision based types of maintenance Source: Chanter and Swallow (1996) 2.2.2Maintenance Function Miles and Syagga (1987) mentioned that the function of maintenance can be divided into three groups. These three groups consist of cleaning and servicing, rectification and repair, and replacement. Both authors also added that cleaning and servicing should be carried out regularly and may be combined with a system of reporting faults, so that repairs can be carried out soon after faults become apparent, thereby avoiding the need for more expensive repairs or even replacement at a later stage. 2.2.3Malaysias Report On Poor Maintenance According to the report from National House Buyers Association (The Star, 2005), residents of Mount Karunmas Condominium fret over cracks in car park. Residents want the developer or maintenance company of the building to rectify the cracks that have appeared on the beams in the car park. Besides the cracks, there was a water leak from the extension joints which were connected to the slabs. In this case, the developer and the maintenance parties did not deliver their duty and responsibility well despites the complaints from the residents and had pin point each other to take hold of the work. In such case, the matter was brought to the press and the local council and the developer in the end stood up rectify the defects and mentioned that defects were only minor cracks. Figure 6A concrete block supporting the beam has chipped off above parking bay no. 173 of the Mount Karunmus Condominium in Balakong. Source: The Star (2005) In another report regarding to maintenance, there was a statement stating that one of the many issues of public concern is how to develop a strong maintenance culture in Malaysia in the interest of public safety and convenience. There was also an addition stating that Malaysia is known as a country which prides itself on the provision of First World infrastructure but not in terms of its maintenance (The Star,24 June 2009) The Star (2009) also mentioned that poor maintenance of childrens playground can result in accidents and injuries. Besides that, poor maintenance of public buildings and infrastructures can also cause accidents, injuries and also flash floods when roads and public drains are not properly maintained. (The Star, 24 June 2009) When maintenance are not done properly, image of the country is also not preserved as tourist would come to Malaysia to visit and this give a bad image to the country when maintenance are poorly done. According to the Star (24 June 2009) improving a countrys image is not only the responsibility of the Government but also the duty of each citizen who must be civic minded. According to the Star (7 May 2009) former squatters moved into the Putri Laksamana apartments in Batu Caves had to deal with poor maintenance, cracking tiles, water leakages, sewage problems and even snakes entering their houses for four years. According to Sundramoorthy Veerasamy (2009), when they moved into the apartment which comprises of 400 units, many of the units had cracked floor tiles and water leaking from the roof and pipes. There were also drainage and garbage problem, and even though the Selayang Municipal Council (MPS) promised to solve the problem, it has been eight months since the problem have not been solved (Sundramoorthy Veerasamy, 2009). Sundramoorthy (2009) also mentioned that they are losing faith in the councillors and state government finding a solution. From this, Government should be able to come out with a solution to help these residents as they are also the citizens of Malaysia and deserve to live in a properly maintained place. Poor maintenance can also lead to criminal activities. According to the Star (7 May 2009) criminal activities like snatch thefts, break-ins, and motorcycle and car thefts are rampant there and drug addicts and pushers also haunt the area of the apartment. MPS councillor Gopalan Krishnan Rajoo (2009) also mentioned that because there is no Joint Management Body (JMB) for the apartment, it is difficult to solve the problems and residents were urged to form the JMB to bring up the residents problems so that they can be solved easily. From this report, it is shown that forming a JMB in a community is important to solve certain problems and that increase in poor maintenance also would increase the crime rate in the area. 2.2.4Case Study of Poor Maintenance Abdulmohsen Al Hammad, Sadi Assaf and Mansoor Al Shihah (1997) in their research which outlines the defects and faults during the design stage that affect building maintenance in Saudi Arabia and their relative degree of importance, came out with a table on the level of importance of design defects on building maintenance. The following tables show the result from the questionnaire done from their research on the defects. Table 2Index and rank of design defects Source: Abdulmohsen Al Hammad, Sadi Assaf and Mansoor Al Shihah (1997) Table 3Index and rank of design defects by groups Source: Abdulmohsen Al Hammad, Sadi Assaf and Mansoor Al Shihah (1997) From the table above, the maintenance practicality and adequacy which is one of the defect groups rank the highest among the owners. When maintenance are not planned and done adequately, there will be defects and the defects will worsen causing the building to be not safe for the occupants and even aesthetically affected. 2.3Facilties In Condominium In Malaysia, there are many types of facilities available in a condominium. The National House Buyers Association (2009) mentioned that there are many facilities and services in a condominium, such as lifts, swimming pool, gym, tennis court, landscaped gardens and even security services. Further explanation was that these facilities and services are expensive to maintain. Facilities are actually one of the important key aspects which purchasers will look into when buying a condominium. This is because purchasers have to understand that they when purchasing a unit of the condominium, two things are bought. These two things are the individual unit and the common property which includes all the facilities available in the condominium. Nowadays, facilities play a big role in portraying the image of the condominium. Besides that, facilities available in a condominium also determine and set a standard to the condominium. This can be seen when the low end condominiums and high end condominiums are being compared. Types of facilities available will be very different for both types of condominium, where the facilities in the high end condominiums are more and much better than those of low end condominiums. 2.3.1Malaysias Report On Facilities National House Buyers Association (The Star, 2008) reported that hairline cracks have appeared on pillars and car park areas of the Sri Gotong apartment block in Batu Caves for the past year. One of the occupants, Abd Rahman Suraiman, mentioned that the management company Benih Kencana Sdn. Bhd. Should act fast to prevent the situation from getting worse. According to Rahman, who is secretary of the Sri Gotong Apartment Batu Caves Pro tem Committee, the apartment was supposed to have condominium facilities like swimming pool, recreational area and sauna, but such facilities were lacking and the place was not properly maintained. Rahman also mentioned that the sauna room is locked, the gymnasium equipment is damaged and ever since he started staying there, one of the lifts stopped working and has yet to be repair. This report shows that lacking of facilities in a condominium will also cause dissatisfaction to the occupants. Thus, this kind of problem gives the condominium a bad image. In another report from the National House Buyers Association (The Star, 2004) stated that the local authorities are often hampered in their efforts to build sports facilities when developers, in fulfilling the requirement of providing open areas, allocate land that is too small or narrow. The report also added that local authorities wanted to provide more recreational facilities, especially in housing estates, but were unable to do so in some areas due to the lack of land. Developers would usually tell local authorities that they had carried out their responsibility by providing recreational through building playgrounds which are meant for younger children and this leaves teenagers without a proper place for recreation. According to the report, this could more likely cause teenagers. Therefore, it is wise that the developers to allocate sufficient area for the recreational facilities to ensure that occupants in that condominium will be able to live healthy life style also. 2.3.2Case Study On Facilities Hui (2005) in a case study broadly defined that building is to include all assets such as the multi storey building blocks, electrical and mechanical plants, and common areas such as car parks, landscaping and recreational facilities. The building should provide a clean, secure and comfortable environment for living. A framework was proposed to facilitate the ease of understanding the context of building management. The context of building management is represented by a hexagonal cell by Hui (2005) as shown in the figure below. Figure 7Context of building management Source: Hui (2005) In his research, Hui (2005) mentioned that due to the high density of occupancy, the residential buildings in the study are subjected to heavy usage and stress under different weather conditions. The building and facilities naturally age with time. Wear and tear is inevitable. Wastes and external sources of pollution need to be managed and proper operation and maintenance are necessary to prevent the condition of the building from deteriorating. Besides that, customer satisfaction was also mentioned. For the complete customer satisfaction, the quality of the service which also refers to the facilities should be perceived on the basis of five dimensions, namely: 1.tangibles; 2.reliability; 3.responsiveness; 4.assurance; and 5.empathy According to Hui (Headley and Choi, 1992) the gap analysis approached provides excellent information for building a true customer centred attitude to service delivery. In the context of building management, the gap model of service quality is slightly adapted as shown in the figure below. Figure 8Gap model of service quality Source: Hui (2005) From the figure above, the service expected by the maintenance committee and residents may not be the same. Therefore, the contractor has to look after two types of customers. One, the residents of each household are individual customers while the other is the management committee is a corporate customer who provides consolidated feedback to the contractor. Hui (2005) concluded that to reduce the gap between the expected level of service and the perceived level service, customer orientation, information sharing, and a consistent track record of professionalism are important. Tables below are the outcome of the authors case study. Table 4Description of residential estates under study Source: Hui (2005) Table 5Possible causes of gaps Source: Hui (2005) Table 6Guidelines for gap minimization Source: Hui (2005) Indirectly, from the case study, a conclusion that can be made is that facilities and the maintenance of the services or facilities can affect the satisfaction level of the occupants. References United Nation, 2009. World urbanization prospects: the 2007 revision. Viewed on 5 August 2009. Available from: https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2007/2007WUP_ExecSum_web.pdf DBKL, 2009. KL city plan 2020: future population of kuala lumpur. Viewed on 5 August 2009. Available from: https://klcityplan2020.dbkl.gov.my/eis/?page_id=290 DBKL, 2009. KL city plan 2020: the draft kl city plan. Viewed on 5 August 2009. Available from: https://klcityplan2020.dbkl.gov.my/eis/?page_id=292 Campbell, L. and Finch, E. 2004. Customer satisfaction and organisational justice. Facilities. 22(7/8), pp.178-189. Salleh and Abdul Ghani. 2008. Neighbourhood factors in private low cost housing Malaysia. Habitat International. 32(4), pp485 493. Laws of Malaysia, 2007. Act 663 building and common property (maintenance and management) act 2007. Viewed on 17 August 2009. Available from: https://www.rehda.com/resources/acts/A663-2007.pdf Lee, R. 1976. Building maintenance management. Great Britain: Granada. Chanter, B. and Swallow, P. 1996. Building maintenance management. Great Britain: Blackwell Science. Gurjit Singh. 1996. Property management in Malaysia. Malaysia: 1995 Federal Publication Sdn. Bhd. Miles, D. and Syagga, P. 1987. Building maintenance a management manual. London: Intermediate Technology Publications. Chow, H. B. 2005. Residents fret over cracks in car park. 10 May 2005. National Home Buyers Association. Viewed on 16 August 2009. Available from: https://www.hba.org.my/news/2005/505/residents_fret.htm Abdulmohsen Al Hammad and Sadi Assaf and Mansoor Al Shihah. 1997. The effect of faulty design on building maintenance. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering. 3(1355-2511), pp. 29 39. Flanagan, R., Hadley, N., Hargitay, S., Holmes, R., Jordan, A., Kitson, T., Leaman, A., Marsh, L., Park, A., Spedding, A., Tong, D., Tyler, M., Worthing, D. and Worthington, J. 1995. CIOB handbook of facilities management. England: Longman Group Limited 1994. National House Buyers Association, 2005. A buyer watch article. Viewed on 15 July 2009. Available from: https://www.hba.org.my/articles/buyer_watch/2005/condo.htm Michael, S. 2008. Sri Gotong folks upset by poor maintenance of facilities. 17 October 2008. The Star. Viewed on 17 August 2009. Available from: https://thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=/2008/10/17/central/2212533sec=central The Star. 2004. Dont take advantage of loophole, developers told. 30 October 2004. National Home Buyers Association. Viewed on 16 August 2009. Available from: https://www.hba.org.my/news/2004/1004/don.htm Hui, Y. Y. 2005. Key success factors of building management in large and dense residential estates. Facilities. 23(1/2), pp.47 62. Chapter 3 Background 3.1Introduction The place of case study for this research will be in Platinum Lake (PV10). PV10 was built in 2008 and consists of four (4) blocks namely Block A, Block B, Block C and Block D. PV10 is a project under Platinum Victory Development (PVD) Sdn. Bhd. The condominium consists of 4 bedroom units with a spacious built up of 1,272 sf and 3 bedroom units with built up of 1,182 sf. Comprising of 800 units of condominium and 20 units of shop lots, the facilities in PV10 include swimming and wadding pools, tennis court, gymnasium, mini market, cafeteria, saloon, childrens playground and nursery, house keeping services, covered car park, multi purpose hall and satellite MATV. The surrounding of the PV10 is under 24 hour security with access card system at the main gate. The residents private recreational park encompasses more than 1 acre and with tropical themed swimming pool. (Platinum Victory Development Sdn. Bhd., 2008) Besides being located in booming residential area of Danau Kota, the condominium is surrounded with tranquil and serene environment with breathtaking view of landscaped lake. There are two schools namely Sekolah Kebangsaan Danau Kota and Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Danau Kota situated at the west of PV10. Meanwhile, on the south there are up coming new construction of projects by Platinum Victory Development Sdn. Bhd. and on the north east there is a Hindu temple. PV10 is also a 10 minutes drive away from the Duke highway as well as a 15 minutes drive away from downtown Kuala Lumpur. These show how strategic and convenient it is to stay in PV10. (Setapak, 2009) Figure 9Platinum Lake (PV10) Condominium Source: PV10 Blog (2009) In this research, more information was collected regarding PV10 Condominium through an informal interview with the Ar. Tan and Janice, who are the architect and maintenance executive of Platinum Victory Development Sdn. Bhd. Following are the maintenance and facilities in PV10 which were discussed through the interview. 3.2Maintenance In PV10 There are many types of maintenance available in PV 10. Maintenance is done in order that occupants in the condominium are able to have a nice and healthy life style when living in that community. Following are the types of maintenance available: 3.2.1Cleaning Services There are 12 cleaners everyday. This includes a supervisor. Two cleaners are placed at each block to collect rubbish to the refuse every morning. After that, general mopping on every floor, lobby and lift are to be done. There are also two cleaners placed at the common area such as car park, just to check out if there is any bulk rubbish. However, usually there is no rubbish there. On the other hand the playground and swimming pool area have lots of debris, left over food on the grass and rubbish thrown from high level. The cleaners will also be cleaning up these places. (Janice, 2009) 3.2.2Collection of Rubbish PV10 uses a refuse chamber for the rubbish collection. There are 2 spiral bins where rubbish can be squeezed and compacted. Besides that, there are 2 numbers of 16.4m cube volume model coded swb-14d. The DBKL contractor will collect once in 2 days as a routine. However, maintenance sometimes calls them to collect if they are full. Thus, the collection will be in different charges. For bulk waste or renovation waste, there is one (1) number of Roro Bin allocated. The size of the toll truck rubbish bin is 12ft x 16ft x 2ft deep and it takes five times trip per week and cost RM100 each trip. If more trips are required, maintenance can call to provide extra trip, but the cost will be rm150 per extra trip. (Ar. Tan and Janice, 2009) Residents who throw their rubbish in plastic bags will have to throw the rubbish in the rubbish ledge bin located at every floor. Maintenance will collect the rubbish during the morning and afternoon, which is two times per day. However, for bulk waste, residents have to carry them themselves and dump them into the ground floor Roro bin. (Janice, 2009) 3.2.3Lifts The brand of the lifts used in PV10 is EITA and this is a German brand. However, these products are manufactured and assembled in Malaysia, with the original design speed of the lifts at 150 meter per second. The Building by Law required every block of the building to have a fireman lift for safety purposes. (Ar. Tan, 2009) The lifts are all maintained according to emergency maintenance. If the lifts break down, then, there will be maintenance for the life. However, the lifts will also be checked from time to time so ensure that its safety requirements are made. (Janice, 2009) 3.2.4Lighting Lighting will consist of those at the common areas. Common areas are like corridor lights and car park lights. All the lights will be switched on at 7pm till next morning at 7am. However, the swimming pool light will off after 10pm. This is because after 10 pm, no one is allowed to swim. The landscape lighting will also be turned on from 7pm till 7am. (Janice, 2009) Figure 10Lighting at the corridor Source: PV10 Blog (2009) 3.2.5Water Supply System There are two (2) bulk meter, each for the common area and for the domestic use. For the common areas, they are charged on commercial rates. The shops in PV10 are charged on commercial rates. Meter for the common areas also refer to those for the garden tap, swimming pool, car park washing and also for the toilets and fire hydrant. On the other hand, domestic use is to supply to all the apartment units. It is charged by using water meter on every floor unit located near the lift lobby. (Janice, 2009) 3.3Facilties In PV10 There are many types of facilities available in PV10. These facilities are for the occupants to relax and have fun when staying in PV10. Besides that, the facilities are to provide safety measures to the occupants and to live a healthy life. Followings are the types of facilities available: 3.3.1Recreational Facilities In this research, the recreational facilities available refer to the facilities that could provide activities for the occupants to live a happy and healthy lifestyle. These are also places where the occupants can interact and get to know each other besides having a nice and enjoyable time relaxing. 3.3.1.1Childrens Playground The childrens playground is approved by the DBKL landscape department. Approval of the playground is based on the type of equipments at the playground and the approved brand. The approved brand mentioned means that the brand used have enough safety features to prevent accident or injury to children. (Tan, 2009) Figure 11Childrens Playground Source: PVD Sdn. Bhd. Webpage (2009) 3.3.1.1Swimming Pool There are three (3) types of pool in PV10. They are they children pool, adult pool and spa pool. Figure 12 Swimming Pool Source: PVD Sdn. Bhd. Webpage (2009) Children Pool The size of the children pool is 2 depth with 4 meter in radius. The pool system used is the overflow system with perimeter overflow drain. There is no sucking pit in the children pool. Hence, it is safer as there was a case in Malaysia where a childs leg got stuck into the pit and drowned. (Tan, 2009) Adult Pool On the other hand, the adult pool is 4 deep in size. In Malaysia, the law stated that 4 depth pool does not require a life guard. However, due to safety issue, the maintenance team provides a guard to control the pool area. An overflow system is used with overflow drain at the perimeter of the pool while incoming supply of water from the bottom of the pool. There are also pool depth indicators. Besides that the staircase for the pool is built using stainless steel due to its corrosion resistance and hardness in strength. (Tan, 2009) Figure 13Children pool and adult pool Source: PV10 Blog (2009) Pool System The pool system works in a very unique way. Firstly, there is the motor room which is for filtering. It also helps to change the water and it is a system for chlorine dropping.The balance tank is designed to add in water; taking prevention of lost during evaporation. Lastly for the water spill, it is used to balance the water level constant at overflow drain level. (Tan, 2009) The pool system runs on automatically in terms of filtering and chlorine dropping system. The water flow is controlled at two (2) changes in 12 hours. Thus, the pump flow is strong enough to have a complete four (4) cycles of the whole swimming pool water volume changed in one (1) day, which is 24 hours. (Ar. Tan) 3.3.2Health Facilities The health facilities available refer to the facilities that could allow the occupants to live a healthy lifestyle through exercising. These are also places where the occupants can interact and get to know each other besides having the time and access to build up their body or to stay fit. 3.3.2.1Gymnasium Only very basic equipments are provided in the gymnasium. Approval from the management staff will be needed to be able to access into the gymnasium. Occupants will have to present their identity with a residents card to get the approval. The operation for the gym will be from 7am to 10 pm. Near to the entrance of the gymnasium is a list of rules and regulations. For example, smoking and food are not allowed in the gymnasium. (Janice, 2009) 3.3.2.2Tennis Court The tennis court is as 23.744 m X 10.973 m in size with a surrounding width of three (3) m and (6) m. The tennis court is also like the gymnasium, where there it can be used during the day and also at night. Occupants will have to get approval and also present themselves with the residents card in order to be able to use the tennis court. (Tan and Janice, 2009) Figure 14Tennis court Source: PVD Webpage (2009) 3.3.3Safety Facilities The safety facilities in this research refer to the facilities that could provide a safe and secure life for the occupants. These are the facilities where the occupants can go to in case of emergency and also for information about the condominium. 3.3.3.1Security There are two shifts of guards in PV10. The day time shift has ten (10) guards on duty, while for the night shift, there are nine (9) guards on duty. There are more guards in the day time shift compared to the night time shift because most of the houses which have been broke into happen during day time when occupants are out for work. (Janice, 2009) The guards are spread out accordingly. Two (2) guards will be located at the guard house, one (1) at the swimming pool, one (1) guard at the lift lobby of each block which total up to four (4) guards, one guard who will patrol around the third (3rd) level and the subsequent levels and another is to patrol the car park floor and motorcycles. (Janice, 2009) Besides that, there are two (2) security cameras pointing at the drivers face and car plate number, which are situated at the entrance and exit of the condominium. Security cameras are also provided at the car parks of every floor. This is to record the people that goes in and out from the condominium. (Janice, 2009) Figure 15Guard house Source: PV10 Blog (2009) 3.3.3.2Fire Fighting System There is a requirement where there should be a fireman lift for each block. When there is a fire breakdown, all lifts will automatically go down and stop at the ground floor with the lift door open. Firemen will then be able to operate the fireman lift. Besides that, there are escape staircase which are all protected with reinforced concrete wall or 6 thick brick wall. This specification is equivalent to 2 hours fire rated. Staircases are also natural ventilated with no needs of pressurization. All staircases access to ground floor. The smoke detector and fire alarms are placed in all lift lobbies and M E rooms. All the systems are linked back to fire panel in the guard house where the guards can monitor. In every floor in the lobby, there is a dry riser or hose reel. There are also three (3) number of 9 kg dry powder extinguishers on every floor of the corridor. (Tan, 2009) 3.3.4Car Park System According to the law of DBKL, one (1) unit is to 1.2 car park plus (+) 20% for visitor. Therefore, total number of minimum car parks that should be provided is 1120 in number. (800 units X 1.2) + (800 X 20%) = 1120 However, the actual number of car parks provided in PV10 is 1394 in total. Under the Sales and Purchase (SP) Agreement, 1 unit will be given 1 car park. An extra car park will be sold at RM 12,000 and this depends on the buyers. (Tan, 2009) Owners of the car parks are given a sticker and access card to park their vehicle in PV10.All cars without the sticker and access card will not be allowed to enter into PV10. Visitors are to show their identity card (IC) and the IC is to be kept by the guard in the guard house while the visitors are in the PV10. All car parks are written decimated unit number. Random parking on other persons parking lot will be locked and a penalty of RM50 will be charged. Parking on non-parking areas will be locked as well. Lorries for loading and unloading will have to inform the guard at the guard house and give the owners or residents unit. Renovation contractor will have to show renovation approval from management and a deposit of RM200 will be collected. This is to ensure that no damages are done during construction of works. (Janice, 2009) Under the Strata Title Act, the car park is a separate lot under accessory parcel attached to the main unit parcel, it can not be disposed off (meaning sold off) separately without the main parcel. Once the application is done at the land office, it is not possible to add in another car park accessory into the main parcel. (Tan, 2009) 3.4Maintenance of Facilities 3.4.1Swimming Pool For the swimming pool, maintenance is done every alternate day and chlorine dropping at the pool will be checked. Besides that, the pool area will also be vacuumed to keep the pool clean. The filter is flushed out once every month to make sure that the filter is clean and performing well in keeping the pool clean. 3.4.2Fogging Fogging is done for mosquito control. This will only be carried out if it is requested and approved by the Joint Management Body (JMB) committee. (Janice, 2009) 3.4.3Posting System For the posting system, the Pos Malaysia will deliver the mails to the office every morning. A maintenance staff will then distribute to every block at the ground floor area where letter box for all units is placed. However, certain letters such as for quit rent, land tax and electricity bills will be delivered to the maintenance office. (Janice, 2009) 3.4.4Landscape Watering of flowers is manually done each day. The plants are fertilized once every two weeks. If there were to be any addition or replacement of new plants or tree, permission must be taken from the maintenance. (Janice, 2009) Figure 16Landscape Source: PV10 Blog (2009) 3.4.5Signage System There are also different types of signage used in PV10. They are for the: Fire fighting system For the fire fighting system, there are signage to show the direction for escape, fire appliances and mimic diagram. Traffic system Signage for traffic system is to show the traffic flow, car park numbering and visitors or residents car parks. Directional system For this system, signage are for the layout plan of the guard house or the maintenance office. Safety signage This signage are for the swimming pool rules and regulation, and also for the car park which serve as warning for not leaving personal belongings in the car. (Tan and Janice, 2009) 3.4.6Health Concern At the present H1N1 disease that is spreading around the world, a brief on health measure was given to ensure occupants take prevention. Sanitizations are used at all public door handles and lift buttons. Residents are to report to the Joint Management Committee (JMC) or guard if there is any case of infection which happens in the condominium. At the kindergarten in PV10, all students body temperature is check at the start and end of school. In addition, all management staffs, cleaners, gardeners, guards and shop workers who have flu or symptoms must self quarantine and are not allowed to work until they are fully recovered. (Janice, 2009) Besides that, all food stalls are to install grease trap to block grease and debris from entering the drain. Jabatan Kesihatan will have to do checking for approval of all the food stalls. (Tan, 2009) Reference Platinum Victory Development Sdn. Bhd. Viewed on 16 August 2009. Available from: https://www.platinumvictory.com/ PV10 Blog. Viewed on 16 August 2009. Available from: https://jmcpv10.blogspot.com/ and https://pv10.highrise.my Report According to the actual and planned schedule, there are some variations in the actual schedule compared to the planned scheduled. The reasons for these differences are: The title proposed was not only to the approval of one supervisor as I have to get the approval from another supervisor. I am under the supervision of Ms. Puspa as my main supervisor but also under the supervision of Madam Janaky to look through my work. Proposal took a longer time because every time there is minor things to be changed after the vetting of the proposal. It was considered correctly done by week 9. Literature Review was on track and actually still in the process of amendment and this will last till next semester. Following are the log book sheets according to the improvement and the time I meet my supervisor. Included in this report are also the sources that I used.

Korean War On The Cold War - 992 Words

On June 25 1950, the North side invaded the South side for the purpose of unification of the whole country. The North had an advantage over the South in terms of military strength due to the powerful support from the Soviets and the People s Republic of China. In contrast, the South side countervailed by taking the part in the war with United Nations Forces which was composed the United States, United Kingdom, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Canada, Turkey, Ethiopia, Thai, Philippine, Columbia, Greece, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Luxembourg and South Korea. Afterward, the Chinese People s Volunteer Army entered the war and the Soviets supported the north side in terms of weapon supply or military training. Korean War is regarded as a war by proxy between powers in the Western Bloc and powers in the Eastern Bloc. This war was the first hot war on the cold war era. The causality of this war was tremendous; South Korea lost 217,000 servicepersons and 1,000,000 civilians. North K orean lost 406,000 military men and 600,000 civilians. China lost 600,000 military and the United States lost 36,516. (Seth 2010) As the total population of Korean peninsula was about thirty million, indeed one of six people was sacrificed in this war. 3. Countries concerned In this conflict, there are five involved countries; South Korea, North Korea, the United State, the Soviets, and China. And United Nation is also concerned party. (Referring to the Figure 1) Figure1 main actorsShow MoreRelatedKorean War : The Cold War1598 Words   |  7 Pageshad already seen two appallingly destructive and costly World wars, just as the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States broke due to their ideological differences after World War II, in the midst of the Cold War was the Korean War. The Korean War began on June 25, 1950 when the North Korean People’s Army poured across the 38th parallel, a border between South and North Korea, to attack South Korea. 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Production for Live Events TV Top-Up Free Essays

Introduction This report is designed in order to demonstrate the main trends in the lighting industry. This report will show the new trends and products in the lighting industry along with their effects on the formation of the technological advancements. Finally, the report will present the main advantages and disadvantages of lighting technology along with the challenges that are imposed on the new entrants and already established brands. We will write a custom essay sample on Production for Live Events TV Top-Up or any similar topic only for you Order Now Background Lightning has become an important part of everyday lives and of events. Companies try to come up with new ways in lighting and projection in order to intensify the strengths of an event and hide the weaknesses. Bowdin and Allen, (2012) suggest that lighting enhances the general spectacle of an event whereas problems in lighting may decrease the quality of the event. Yee, (2007) states that lighting plays a significant role in responding to the changing environment by shifting the viewer’s focus to the different areas thus developing a variety of different scenes within the area. Effect of external trends on the developments in event lightning and projection technology The recent trends suggest that lighting is advancing along with the comprehension of its importance in the events area. This implies that innovative technologies are being developed and currently there is a lot of new lighting products available on the market. For instance, LED lighting has been on the market for a long time. It does not require substantial amounts of power and is user-friendly in terms of installation and maintenance (LEDs Magazine, 2010). Therefore, it is still the leader on the lighting market. However, lighting evolves into a more interactive and wireless feature, in terms of programming and maintenance. The demand for wireless lights continues to grow, suggesting that it might become the next ‘most wanted’ product on the market. However, as it has been estimated by a representative of Kinetic Lighting, that these are quite difficult to supply (BizBach, 2011). Another important innovation, which is in demand on the market, is more colourful lighting. This implies that customers are seeking more colourful and bold colour palettes (BizBach, 2011). As recent reports suggest, 3D lighting might become the next trend in the event and stage production industry. There are innovative 3D lighting products on the market, however, these are based on the integration of the traditional blue and red colours to create a 3D effect (Parrish, 2002). More advanced versions are regarded to be difficult in utilization. Therefore, the current market is limited to the provision of those systems for the events and production (Parrish, 2002). These are more popular in utilization for different short presentations. Advantages and Disadvantages of new developments The main advantages of the new developments are enhanced interactivity and advanced technology. This implies that the needs of modern consumers are satisfied in terms of delivery of more advanced and colourful solutions. Some new developments are user-friendly, whilst other innovations (i.e. 3D Lighting ) are quite difficult in utilization and maintenance (Bizbach, 2011; LEDs Magazine, 2010). The lighting supplier companies have also started to produce more environmental solutions. This implies that innovative lighting solutions tend to align with the general trend of environmental protection and concern (Veitch and Gifford, 1996). As a result, this appeals to customers who have become more environmentally concerned. This has led to the development of solar lighting, which is a sustainable, environmental lighting solution (Pode, 2011). Challenges for newcomers and older specialists in event lightning and projection industry The main challenges for newcomers in the event lighting and projection industry is attributed to the high entry barriers. Currently, the main criteria for being successful in the lighting market are the brand, the pricing and reputation. This increases the barriers to entry into the market (LEDs Magazine, 2010). Along with that, the lighting industry has become quite competitive. This implies that there are a lot of players on the market, who offer similar products. In the case of LED lighting, this implies that LED is becoming more of a commodity with a low price (Examiner, 2012). This decreases the brand value of the companies within the LED market. Contrary to that, companies with innovative solutions may enter the market, however there is a limited amount of companies that may develop innovations, due to the need for large resources (Examiner, 2012). As a result, the well-established brands tend to invest heavily in research and development, thus producing the latest innovations. As a result, the lighting market is led by the well established brands, which regularly produce innovative solutions (Examiner, 2012). Conclusion This report was designed in order to demonstrate the recent trends in the lighting and projection industry. It has been estimated that the lighting and projection industry is a highly competitive area, with high entry barriers. As a result of the increased competition, some lighting products have become a commodity. The trends demonstrate that the brand plays a large role in the lighting market, where the well-established companies tend to produce innovations on the market in order to defend their market shares. The main innovations have included the 3D lighting, wireless and interactive lighting solutions. References BizBach. (2011). 7 Lighting Trends for 2011: LEDs, Interactive Projections, 3-D, and More Available: http://www.bizbash.com/7_lighting_trends_for_2011_leds_interactive_projections_3-d_and_more/new-york/story/20020/ (Accessed on 1/1/13) Bowdin G., Allen J., O’Toole W., Harris R. (2011). Events Management. 3rd ed., BH: UK Examiner. (2012). Competitive Landscape for LED Lighting Industry: impact on US jobs. Available: http://www.examiner.com/article/competitive-landscape-for-led-lighting-industry (Accessed on 01/01/13) LEDs Magazine. (2010). Lighting industry at the edge of the unknown. Available: http://ledsmagazine.com/features/7/7/2 (Accessed on 1/1/13). Parrish D. (2002). Inspired 3D lighting and compositing. Premier Press: USA. Pode R. (2011). Solar Lighting. Springer: London. Veitch J. Gifford R. (1996). Assessing Beliefs about Lighting Effects on Health, Performance, Mood, and Social Behavior. Environment and Behaviour. Vol.28, Iss.4, pp. 446-470 Yee R. (2007). Lighting Spaces: Roger Yee. Visual Reference Publications: USA How to cite Production for Live Events TV Top-Up, Essay examples

Last Drinks Program And Argues Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Last Drinks Program And Argues. Answer: The essay examines the last Last drinks, Last drinks program and argues that it is a strong example of development of alcohol abuse prevention which targets alcohol related violence. The essay critically analyses the program and provides why it is effective towards solving the problem alcohol abuse in the state of NSW. Alcohol abuse is becoming a major issue in the country from the last decade and it is high time that policies and strategies are implemented in order to address the major growing issue. The selected program has taken a few initiatives to solve the problem in the state of NSW. It has been reported by the Sydney Morning Herald that the state of NSW has the worst statistics when it comes to harm form alcohol along with tackling such problems (SMG 2017). This is a very serious kind of crime which has resulted in a very significant cost for the state and the citizens. Out of all crimes which have taken place in the country and have resulted in police detention such as road vehicle traffic offences, public order offences and assaults of all level are related to the consumption of alcohol (Barratt, Cakic and Lenton 2013 pp 141-146). The other types of crime which is initiated through alcohol use are that of outing in fear, verbal abuse, physical abuse, domestic violence and assault. The consumption of alcohol is in itself not a crime, however it is the reason for mostly all types of crimes which takes place in the society. The harm which is related to the consumption of alcohol is increasingly growing concerns in the Australian community specially related to the young people. It is notoriously difficult to develop initiatives and policies which influence drinking behavior as the consumption of alcohol is not only accepted widely but also is a major part of the Australian culture. The program includes programs similar to that of the Newcastle program such as closing all pubs at 3am, locking out all venues sharp at 1:30 am and restricting the sales of liquor which contains high level alcohol such as tequila shots after 10am (About 2017). However the program does not include spreading awareness about alcohol consumption by educating the young citizens about it, mobilization and community engagement, assessment control and providing late nigh safe transport facilities to the intoxicated person. As provided by social learning theory of crime new behaviors are acquired by imitating and observing others. The process of learning is cognitive and takes place in the social context the process can occur purely through direct instructions or observati on (Downes, Rock and McLaughlin 2016 pp. 111-124). The program takes the use of alcohol in an excessive manner which results in several crimes as stated above as a process of social learning. The customs which are prevalent in the area make the young people indulge in excessive alcoholism. As having alcohol is widely accepted in the society people often do not recognize the limit which can make the consumption seriously harmful for them. The program takes excessive consumption of alcohol as one of the major causes of any kind of crime in the society. The program recognizes alcohol fueled violence as one of the major problems faced by the local communities around the state of NSW. The crime is a constant occupational hazard for nurses, paramedics, Police officers and doctors who in frontline deal with aggressive drunk people in relation to emergency services. Australians are becoming worried increasingly with respect to the negative impact of alcohol on the society. Majority of Australians believe that the society has now become use to the problem of alcohol abuse. The annual alcohol poll 2017 has revealed that 92% of the Australian family believe that consumption of alcohol lead to domestic and family violence. Violence which is fueled by alcohol is continuously becoming one of the main problems for the local communities of New South Wales. Doctors, paramedics, police officer and nurses who work for emergency services aggressively intoxicated people are becoming an occupational hazard. Therefore four major organization representing emergency services in NSW have bonded together to form the last drinks campaign and head on tackling of the issue related to alcohol fueled violence is been aimed by the campaign. The campaign seeks to change the 24/7 drinking culture which has permeated modern Australians. Evidence based policy solution is st rongly believe by the coalition. In addition evidence prove that the most useful way of reducing violence which is filled by alcohol in Australia is by placing restriction on the sale of alcohol late night. Over 30% of night time assaults have been reduced by the implementation of the Newcastle program. The program also imposed various restrictions on license venues in Newcastle. The restrictions which have been initiated by the last drinks last drinks program include the closing of all values by 3 a.m the lock out of all venues by 1:30 a.m and restriction upon the sale of drinks having high alcohol content after 10 p.m. The campaign is similar to that of the New Castle model. The challenge in relation to the campaign is to help other communities within the state to address alcohol related violence. The campaign also seek to reduce the use of drug eyes which is also becoming an increasing problem across the state. The campaign is also undertaking proper research in relation to the i ssue to collect evidence for the purpose of implementing policies against it. The campaign is strictly against the acceptance of drug or alcohol related violence as an Australian way of life. The program recognizes that life is way more important than the consumption of alcohol. The program seeks to target specially the young generation of Australia by restricting the sale of alcohol (About 2017). According to Kypri, McElduff and Miller (2014) pp. 303-310 most of the alcohol related crimes author during night when the people are highly intoxicated. Therefore this evidence based approach taken by the program to restrict the sale of alcohol at night is set to be successful. However a few shortcomings of the program are that it does not include any kind of awareness program for those who indulge in high level alcohol consumption. Various studies such as Jones et al. (2009) pp. 312-317 have proved that awareness resulted in very little success in relation to the prevention of alcohol co nsumption. According to Miller et al. (2014) pp. 314-322 alcohol consumption rate can only be reduced by restricting the sale of alcohol and limiting access to it. Primary prevention is used to prevent the crime before it takes place. This is done by eliminating the source of the crime by identifying it before the crime takes place. This type of prevention is taken in relation to the crime which is yet to take place and the source of which can be identified (Fennelly 2012) pp. 33-44. Secondary prevention of crime is a strategy to reduce the impact of the crime which has already taken place. Secondary prevention is best suited for crimes which have already taken place and the effect of which on the society has to be reduced (Newburn 2012) pp. 121-123. Tertiary prevention of crime aims to reduce the impact of an ongoing problem which is expected to have a lasting effect. This kind of crime prevention strategy is used in cases of crime which are prevalent in the society and the expected to have long lasting effect on it (Greenwood and Turner 2011) pp. 88-129. In this case the program which has been initiated by the coalition is in relation to prim ary prevention of the crime. This can be stated because the program used to restrict the sale of alcohol after a specified time so that the main cause of the alcohol fueled abuse is eradicated. If the citizens would not have access to alcohol over consumption would be restricted which would directly prevent any alcohol affected crime. Situational crime prevention is based on the fact that crime is mostly opportunistic and objects to change contextual factors to restrict the opportunities for the criminals to engage in criminal behavior (Shariati and Guerette 2017) pp. 261-268. Development crime prevention is based on the fact that early intervention in the young persons development can result in significant economic and social benefits (Welsh and Farrington 2014) pp. 221-224. Community prevention is based on the fact that changing the social or physical organization of the communities may have an impact on the behaviors of the individual who live there (Crawford and Evans 2016) pp 89-101. This particular program is community crime prevention mechanism as it used to change social and physical organizations by limiting the sales of alcohol and influence the behavior of individuals. The program is majorly focused on the community as it is seriously getting affected by alcohol abuse. According to Kypri, McElduff and Miller (2014) pp. 303-310 restriction in the closing time of pubs and lockouts can have a very beneficial effect towards reducing the clients caused by alcohol abuse. As the program includes strategies which is limiting the pub time and the sale of alcohol after a prescribed time it may be evidently said that the program is set to achieve its objectives in the same way it has been done in Newcastle. As provided by Jones et al. (2009) restricting the availability of alcohol may significantly reduce alcohol related violence as if the source of violence is eradicated there would be no violence at all. The same concept has been argued by the same concept has been argued by Kypri et al. (2011) pp. 323-326 Therefore it can be provided that this program is set to achieve its objective of restricting and limiting alcohol related violence. The empirical evidence behind such assumption is that similar programs have been used a Newcastle in a very effective manner and had been able to bring down the percentage of alcohol related abuse by 30%in the last 5 years. The crime is understood by the program in a way that it is a part of the society. As consumption of alcohol is widely accepted in the Australian society it is not regarded as a sin and therefore is not mostly associated with criminal activities. However the truth is that alcohol is one of the major causes for crimes which take place and the state. The measures which have been taken by the program are said to be consistent with the way in which the program as understood crime because implementation of community crime prevention technique along with primary crime prevention strategy is best suited to address crime which are a part of the society and affect the community as a whole. The prevention of crime is only possible when the best possible theories, techniques and strategies adopted while the framing of policies and programs. The purpose of effectively designing policies and programs to prevent crime the crime has to be understood in a proper manner. The source of crime has to be identified and the policy should be in relation to the community the victim or the offender. The policy which should be used for the prevention of crime must be in accordance to the relevance of the crime in the society. References About (2017) Last Drinks https://lastdrinks.org.au/about/ Barratt, M.J., Cakic, V. and Lenton, S., 2013. Patterns of synthetic cannabinoid use in Australia.Drug and alcohol review,32(2), pp.141-146. Crawford, T.A.M. and Evans, K., 2016. Crime prevention and community safety. pp. 89-101 Downes, D., Rock, P. and McLaughlin, E., 2016. Understanding deviance: a guide to the sociology of crime and rule-breaking. Oxford University Press. pp 111-124 Fennelly, L.J., 2012.Handbook of loss prevention and crime prevention. Elsevier. pp. 33-44 Greenwood, P.W. and Turner, S., 2011. Juvenile crime and juvenile justice.Crime and public policy, pp.88-129. Jones, C.G.A., Price, B., Kypri, K., Moffatt, S., Borzycki, C. New South Wales. Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research 2009, The impact of restricted alcohol availability on alcohol-related violence in Newcastle, NSW / Craig Jones. Pp. 312-317 Kypri, K., Jones, C., McElduff, P. Barker, D. 2011, "Effects of restricting pub closing times on night?time assaults in an Australian city", Addiction, vol. 106, no. 2, pp. 303-310. Kypri, K., McElduff, P. Miller, P. 2014, "Restrictions in pub closing times and lockouts in Newcastle, Australia five years on", Drug and Alcohol Review, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 323-326.Applied Policy Analysis Miller, P., Curtis, A., Palmer, D., Busija, L., Tindall, J., Droste, N., Gillham, K., Coomber, K. Wiggers, J. 2014, "Changes in injury?related hospital emergency department presentations associated with the imposition of regulatory versus voluntary licensing conditions on licensed venues in two cities", Drug and Alcohol Review, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 314-322. Newburn, T. ed., 2012.Handbook of policing. Routledge. pp. 121-123 Shariati, A. and Guerette, R.T., 2017. Situational Crime Prevention. InPreventing Crime and Violence(pp. 261-268). Springer International Publishing. SMG (2017) https://www.smh.com.au News NSW News Welsh, B.C. and Farrington, D.P., 2014.The Oxford handbook of crime prevention. Oxford University Press. Pp. 221-224