Native Americans - Aztecs and Indians :: essays research papers

Two of the biggest and greatest civilization in the Americas werethe Aztecs and Incas. These two civilization were both said to beconquered by the Spanish, but it wasnt just the Spanish whoconquered them. These two civilizations both fell from acombination of a weak government, lack of technology, newdisease introduced by the invaders, and not being prepared for theinvaders. For many centuries the Aztec civilization revolved around aideological, social, and political system in which magnification was thecornerstone. Expansion was the cornerstone of their totallycivilization, because their religion requested that a large number ofhuman sacrifices where to be made to the gods. To get thesacrifices the Aztec went to war with other tribes in Mexico to getthese human sacrifices (Conrad & angstrom unit Demmest 47-49) . With eachconquest more sacrifices and more land was added to the Azteckingdom. The Aztec were a strong civilization who were familiarwith organized large scale war, had s pecialized war chiefs, and awell organized system of territorial levy in which large armies couldbe amassed in a short time (Age of Reconnaissance 124-125). Theymay d bear been well organized for war, but they were not preparedfor informal changes in there civilization. When expansion was nolonger an option there system crumbled. Without expansion theycould no longer give human sacrifices in the same amount in whichthey use too. Upon the arrival of the Spanish the Aztecgovernment was falling apart, and "Moctezuma II programs ofinternal military consolidation and administrative and socialstabilization had failed" (Conrad & Demmest). When the Aztecsfirst met the Spanish they were amazed by them. The Spanish usedthe Aztecs own legends to take advantage of them and gain theupper hand. Other disadvantages that the Aztecs had was theneed to take prisoner to sacrifice, they were not untied with othertribes (Spanish were able to unite with other tribes to foster fight theAztec s), had primitive weapons, and couldnt stay on the battlefield for long, because they ran out of supplies quickly (Age ofReconnaissance 167). The Spaniards didnt destroy the Azteccivilization all by their self another factor which helped the Spanishwere the disease that they brought over to the Americas fromEurope and Africa. The introduction of diseases like syphilis,measles, smallpox, malaria, mumps and yellow fever are just somewhatsickness that plagued the Budhu 2Aztecs. Also the introduction of different species of animals andplants caused a ecological imbalance (Plagues and Peoples176-199). All these are some reasons to why the Aztec civilizationwas destroyed. With the arrival of the Spanish in Mexico rumors started to reach

Imagery of Snakes in Macbeth Essay examples -- European Literature

In the biblical book of Genesis, Eve is tempted by a serpent to commit an wicked act of eating a forbidden fruit. As a result of the snakes temptation, Eve eats the fruit, resulting in the presence of worldwide sin and the downfall of perfection. From this floor of Adam and Eve, the figure of the snake has become generally associated with temptation, evil, and cynicism. William Shakespeare employs this symbolic two-base hitry of snakes in Macbeth, to enhance the apologue of the rise and fall of Macbeths power. For poetic and playwright purposes, Shakespeare uses snaky imagery to reveal the malevolence of characters, and portray the threatening position of the throne, all while provoking a heightened sensation of fear and tragedy from the audience.The first image of the snake is revealed during the initial arrival of evil. In act one, scene five, Lady Macbeth cries out for evil to fulfill her, so that she can posses the power to commit acts of treason. She describes this cul tivate as unsexing herself. Come to my womans breasts and take my milk for gall, you murdring ministers (1.5.48-49). In ancient history it was believed that the venom of serpents was produced from their gall1. The process of unsexing herself could, as a result, be perceived as a metaphorical transformation into a snakelike creature. The unsexing process is an important part of the evil and complexity that Shakespeare was attempting to develop throughout the story, in order to invoke emotion from the audience. This unsexing process not only brings about a theme of witchcraft, but it also introduces a complex situation that the character must face whether or not to give up good and loyalty for personal ambition. This decision is one that p... ...ke. The imagery of snakes throughout the story of Macbeth contributes to the mood and poetic prose of Shakespeare. Yet more importantly, the snake is a symbolic figure for malevolence and treachery. Shakespeare uses the snake to enha nce the quality of his characters, and provide insight into their malevolence. The serpentine image also provokes emotion. As the story of Macbeth is a tragedy, the snake images provide a dark contrasting mood to the play, designed to heighten the sense of fear from the audience. People are generally terror-struck snakes, and Shakespeare uses this object as a tool to relate certain fears of the characters to the audience. Shakespeare is able to develop his characters while capturing the emotion of his audience all by his use of serpentine imagery. Works cited1. Oxford English Dictionary. Search gall.

Essay from Things They Carried- Spin Assignment :: essays research papers

Spin AssignmentWrestling a sport for only the top athletes, contenders if you will. We struggle through the hardest of physical, noetic and emotional beatings. I could give every detail of every match I slang ever wrestled in, from match score, to the people around me, to what I could have done to stag it better. You remember everything about the sport. I remember doing the same thing for four years straight before every match. When I was younger my father taught me prayers to recite every night. Before every match I go directly behind the mat, by myself, and say my prayers. I remember knowledgeable what needed to be done to make weight. Making weight is the first struggle of the sport. Its a challenge to yourself before you can even compete, and non an easy task at that. Rubber suits, water pills, boiler rooms, jump ropes, sweats, all triggers to the memories of those long hours sweating finish that last pound just to make weight for the match the next day. At the end of the night, I can recall having to wring out shirts just to take some sweat off of it so that it wouldnt soak my sports bag. You remember how good ordinary things taste extraordinary after you weigh-in before the match and are allowed to eat again. Every median(a) piece of food you eat tastes like a slice of heaven. There is a time before the match starts that they introduce the line-ups for the respected teams. One team is in weight order on one side of the mat and the other team is on the other side of the mat. They will announce the peculiar(prenominal) weight and call out each wrestler from the team to meet in the center of the mat and shake hands. This isnt just a put on the line to meet this is a chance to size him up. This doesnt seem like much, but just by the trend this happens you can tell what kind of adversary you are up against. The way he runs out or casually walks out, lets you know how excited or nervous or confident he is, the way he shakes your hand, with a tight grip a casual slap or barely even touches lets you know how he thinks his chances are in the match, and of turn tail the most important aspect of this is the eye contact made.

On Common Ground Essay examples -- Personal Narrative History Papers

On Common GroundThe beeping of the metal detector set his mind in motion. And when he c arfully uncovered a small metal button, it whispered softly, speaking of a bulky general, He possessed every virtue of the great commanders, without their vices.April 12, 1861- At 430 a.m. Confederates under General Pierre Beauregard open fire with 50 cannons upon Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina the Civil War begins (historyplace). on that point are about twenty lots in our resemblance all consist of close to three and a half acres. Most of the lots defend houses now, all of them are big and well kept a perfect place to raise an upper-middle class family. Just outside of capital of Virginia, the Boscobel neighborhood gives individuals a everlasting taste of the southern country air, a place to grow a garden, to sit out on the porch at night and look at the stars. The neighbors are kind as they greet one another in passing. Families come together for picnics and cook-outs and mothers go on walks together with their dogs while the kids are in school. The kids of the neighborhood love to play by the creek in the back yard. They build forts and huts, find pretend food and crayfish in the creek, and play hide-and-seek in the woods beyond the creek. It is the peaceful, everyday life in the Boscobel neighborhood.April 17, 1861- Virginia secedes from the Union, followed within five weeks by Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina, thus forming an eleven state Confederacy (historyplace). April 17, 1861- The Daily Richmond Examiner readsThe great event of all our lives has at last come to pass. A war of gigantic proportions, infinite consequences and indefinite duration is on us, and leave behind affect the interests and happiness of ev... ...e tried to instill in you. Never forget where these things came from. I trust you now to be on your own, to live out what I have taught you and to teach others these virtues that have been passed down. Works CitedAtherholt, Patric ia. Interview. Telephone Interview. 30 March 2002.Historyplace.com. The History Place- US Civil War 1861-1865. The History Place, 1996.Daniel, John M. I. reinvigorated York Arno & The New York Times, 1868. reprinted, 1970.Graham, O. Lee. Interview. Telephone Interview. 1 April 2002. Jones, John Williams. I. Written approximately 1864. . 17 April 2002.Swank, Walbrook D. I. Charlottesville Papercraft Printing & Design Company, Inc., 1991.Saverino, Chris. Interview. Telephone Interview. 29 March 2002.Weigley, Russell F. I American Council of Learned Societies, Oxford University Press, 2000

Physical Appearance in Mary Shellys Frankenstein Essays -- Frankenstei

Physical Appearance in Mary Shellys FrankensteinIn Mary Shelleys Frankenstein we are introduced early in the story to one of the briny characters Victor Frankenstein and subsequently to his creation referred to as the monster. The monster comes to life after being constructed by Victor using body parts from corpses. As black as this sounds initially we are soon caught up in the tale of the living monster. Victor the creator becomes immediately remorseful of his decision to bring the incorrect creation to life and abandons the borne creature. Victor describes his emotions and physical description of his creation as followsHow can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavored to form? His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful Great God His yellow skin scarcely cover the work of muscles and arteries beneath his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing his te eth of a pearly whiteness but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun white sockets in which they were set, his shriveled complexion, and straight black lips. (Shelley 34)Left on his own to strike out in the world the monster soon experienced the prejudices of those he came meet. Prejudices based upon his frightful, or unusual, visual aspect and his inability to communicate initially. I quickly had empathy for the abandoned creature, despite the descriptions of his gruesome appearance, and felt mixed emotions about his actions towards others in the story. Were the waste actions of the monster towards others spawned from their violent rejection of ... ...-to-form illustration of cultural feelings about how citizenry should look and act in the context of what is normal. Anything outside of normal is perceived negatively, viewed with suspicion and capable of the worst actions towards others. In thi s case, it is no wonder the monster unleashes his violent wrath upon those that have shunned and disposed of him. He was just fulfilling his predetermined destiny thrust upon him at the moment he was conceived. I am being fairly sarcastic here, but I do feel that historically the ideas of what is normal can change. Unfortunately, as Shelley has drastically illustrated with the monster character, the monster is judged by his outside appearance and actions as it relates to what is considered normal.BibliographyShelley, Mary. Frankenstein. In A Norton Critical Edition. New York W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1996.

Physical Appearance in Mary Shellys Frankenstein Essays -- Frankenstei

Physical Appearance in Mary Shellys FrankensteinIn Mary Shelleys Frankenstein we are introduced early in the story to one of the main characters Victor Frankenstein and subsequently to his creation referred to as the dickens. The monster comes to life after being constructed by Victor using ashes parts from corpses. As gruesome as this sounds initially we are soon caught up in the tale of the living monster. Victor the creator becomes immediately penitent of his decision to bring the monstrous creation to life and abandons the borne creature. Victor describes his emotions and physical description of his creation as followsHow can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavored to form? His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful Great God His sensationalistic skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing his teeth of a pearly whiteness but these luxuriances whole formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun white sockets in which they were set, his shriveled complexion, and consecutive black lips. (Shelley 34)Left on his own to strike out in the world the monster soon experienced the prejudices of those he came meet. Prejudices based upon his frightful, or unusual, carriage and his inability to communicate initially. I quickly had empathy for the abandoned creature, despite the descriptions of his gruesome appearance, and felt mixed emotions about his actions towards others in the story. Were the violent actions of the monster towards others spawned from their violent rejection of ... ...-to-form good example of cultural feelings about how people should look and act in the context of what is normal. Anything outside of normal is perceived negatively, viewed with suspicion and capable of the worst actions towards ot hers. In this case, it is no wonder the monster unleashes his violent wrath upon those that have shunned and disposed of him. He was just fulfilling his predetermined destiny thrust upon him at the moment he was conceived. I am being somewhat sarcastic here, but I do feel that historically the ideas of what is normal can change. Unfortunately, as Shelley has drastically illustrated with the monster character, the monster is judged by his outside appearance and actions as it relates to what is considered normal.BibliographyShelley, Mary. Frankenstein. In A Norton Critical Edition. New York W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1996.

Apple Inc. and Product Descriptions

Company name Gilligan Inc. Goods A. Ipad 1. The in the raw Ipad * flummox material body A1403 (EMC 2499) 2. Ipad 2 * Model Number A1397 (EMC 2424) 1. professional personduct descriptions (The New Ipad) The iPad 3rd Generation (Wi-Fi/Cellular, CDMA Verizon/A-GPS, A1403) which some may choose to refer to as the iPad 3 is a tablet computer for the web, e-mail, photos, flick, music, gaming and more. The iPad 3rd Gen line is significantly more powerful and the focus has shifted more substantially from consuming content to creating it. This specific iPad 3rd Gen mold as well as supports 4G LTE connectivity (700 MHz).Battery life is reportedly 10 hours surfboard the web on Wi-Fi, watching video, or listening to music and 9 hours surfing the web development cellular data. Price $499. 00 2. produce descriptions and price (Ipad 2) on with its Wi-Fi only and GSM-equipped contemporaries, the iPad 2 (Wi-Fi/CDMA/A-GPS) was proclaimed to be the start of a post PC. It is equipped with a 9. 7-inch (1024768, 132 ppi) multi-touch glossy light-emitting diode-backlit IPS display and runs a version of the aforementioned(prenominal) iOS direct system that powers the iPhone and iPod touch models.As a result it is compatible with thousands of iPad-specific apps as well as approximately apps for the iPhone/iPod touch, scarce not macintosh OS X apps. Price $399. 00. B. The IMac 3. MacBook Air * Model Number A1466 (EMC 2559) 4. MacBook Pro * Model Number A1286 (EMC 2556*) 5. Mac miniskirt * Model Number A1347 (EMC 2442) 6. Mac pro * Model Number A1289 (EMC 2314) 3. Product descriptions and price (Mac Book Air) The Apple MacBook Air Core i7 2. 0 13 features a 22-nm Ivy Bridge 2. GHz Intel Core i7 processor (3667U) with 2 independent processor cores on a single chip, a 3 MB divided level 3 lay aside, 4 GB of onboard clx0 MHz DDR3L SDRAM, 256 GB of meretricious storage, and an integrated Intel HD Graphics 4000 graphics processor that shares system memory. This all is jammed in a razor thin (0. 11-0. 68 inch), 2. 96 pound, aluminum case with an integrated 720p tone Time HD webcam, a backlit full-size keyboard and a 13. 3 widescreen TFT LED backlit active-matrix glossy display (1440900 native resolution).Connectivity includes 802. 11a/b/g/n Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 4. 0, analog audio out, a Thunderbolt port, two USB 3. 0 ports, and an SDXC- adapted SD menu slot. Price 11 inch $999 and 13 inch from 1199. 00 4. Product descriptions and price (MacBook Pro) The MacBook Pro Core i7 2. 7 15-Inch technically is a configuration of the MacBook Pro Core i7 2. 6 15-Inch, but also is documented as a separate model for reader convenience. Other than processor, these two models are identical.The MacBook Pro with four independent processor cores on a single silicon chip, an 8 MB shared level 3 cache, 8 GB of 1600 MHz DDR3L SDRAM (PC3-12800) installed in pairs (two 4 GB modules), a 750 GB Serial ATA (5400 RPM) hard father, an 8X DL SuperDrive, dual graphics processors a NVIDIA GeForce GT 650M with 1 GB of dedicated GDDR5 memory and an integrated Intel HD Graphics 4000 graphics processor that shares system memory, as well as an integrated 720p Face Time HD webcam. Price 13 inch from 1,900. 00, 15 inch from 1,799. 00 5. Product descriptions and price (Mac Mini)The Apple Mac mini Core i5 2. 5 features a 32-nm flaxen Bridge 2. 5 GHz Intel Core i5 (2520M) processor with two independent processor cores on a single chip, a 3 MB shared level 3 cache, 4 GB of 1333 MHz DDR3 SDRAM (PC3-10600) memory, a 500 GB hard drive, and AMD Radeon HD 6630M graphics with 256 MB of dedicated GDDR5 memory. Connectivity includes a Fire conducting wire 800 port, four USB 2. 0 ports, combined audio line in (digital/analog) and combined audio line out/headphone (digital/analog) minijacks, a 10/100/1000Base-T Gigabit Ethernet port, 802. 11a/b/g/n Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth 4. , an SDXC card slot and an HDMI port as well as a tender Thunderbolt port that is backwards compatible w ith Mini DisplayPort and likewise supports an external display at 25601600 and passes an audio signal as well. Thunderbolt also supports other peripherals that use the Thunderbolt standard which provides up to 10 Gbps of bandwidth in both directions. Price $599. 00 6. Product descriptions and price (Mac Pro) The Mac Pro Twelve Core 3. 06 Server is powered by two 3. 06 GHz sextette Core 32-nm Xeon X5675 processors with a dedicated 256k of level 2 cache for each core and 12 MB of fully shared level 3 cache per processor.By default, it is configured with 8 GB of 1333 MHz DDR3 ECC SDRAM, two 1 TB (7200 RPM, 32 MB cache) 3Gb/s Serial ATA hard drives, an 18X dual-layer SuperDrive and an ATI Radeon HD 5770 graphics card with 1 GB of GDDR5 memory. Expansion includes two external 5. 25 optical bays, four internal 3. 5 cable- set free, direct attach hard drive bays (three free by default), and four 2. 0 slots. Ports include five USB 2. 0 ports, four Fire wire 800 ports, dual Gigabit Ethernet , two Mini DisplayPort and a dual-link DVI port, among others. AirPort perfect (802. 11a/b/g/n) and Bluetooth 2. 1+EDR are standard. Price $1,199 c. IPod 7. IPod Shuffle Model Number Along hundred4 (EMC 2125) 8. IPod Nano * Model Number A1446 (EMC Pending) 9. IPod touch * Model Number A1421 10. IPod Classic * Model Number A1238 (EMC 2173) 11. Apple TV * Model Number A1427 (EMC 2528) 7. Product descriptions and price (IPod Shuffle) The iPod shuffle quaternate Generation models are identical to the previous iPod shuffle 4th Generation models, except for color options and operating system support. Like its predecessor, it has both clickable ring buttons for navigation as well as a Voiceover button on top. The Voiceover functionality reads the name of songs, artists and playlists as well as Genius Mixes out loud.The housing is available in eight colors dark gray slate and silvery as well as purple, pink, yellow, green, blue, and red, which have white control rings. Regardless of colo r, all models have 2 GB of internal storage capable of property approximately 500 songs. Apple estimates up to 15 hours of battery life. Price $49. 00 8. Product descriptions and price (IPod Nano) The iPod Nano features a 2. 5 color TFT display and 16 GB of flash storage in an aluminum housing affirmed in eight colors dark gray slate, silver, purple, pink, yellow, green, blue, and red ith either a black or white glass front (black for the slate configuration and white for the others).It resembles a mini iPod touch and likewise has a home button supports a multi-touch interface, and runs an iOS-inspired operating system but it cannot run iOS applications. Other features include H. 264 video playback support (720576), Bluetooth 4. 0 for use with Bluetooth-enabled headphones, speakers, and compatible car stereos, an integrated pedometer, and FM radio with spirited pause functionality as well as Nike iPod, Voiceover, and Shake to Shuffle support.It does not have a microphone, speak er, or camera. The 16 GB of flash memory is capable of holding roughly 4000 songs or 14,000 photos, respectively, and Apple estimates that battery life is up to 30 hours of music playback or 3. 5 hours of video playback when fully charged. Price $149. 00 9. Product descriptions and price (IPod touch) The iPod touch (5th Gen) has a 4 diagonal widescreen multi-touch IPS retina display with a 1136640 native resolution 326 ppi, dual cameras a 5 megapixel rear iSight camera with LED flash that can shoot 1080p video and a front-facing 1. megapixel Face Time HD 720p camera and support for Bluetooth 4. 0, 802. 11n Wi-Fi both the 2. 4 GHz and 5 GHz frequencies, Siri, and Airplay in addition to the expected music, photo, video playback, and iOS app functionality. It is also is powered by a dual-core A5 processor, likely has 512 MB of RAM and has 32 GB or 64 GB of flash storage. Battery life is an Apple-estimated 40 hours of music playback and 8 hours of video playback. Price $ 299. 00 10. Pro duct descriptions and price (IPod Classic)The Apple iPod classic was equipped with a 120 GB 4200 RPM ATA-66 hard drive capable of supporting up to 30,000 songs in 128-Kbps AAC format or up to 150 hours of video. Apple upgraded the hard drive to 160 GB increasing the capacity to 40,000 songs or 200 hours of video and adding support for Genius Mixes via a software patch on September 28, 2009, but it otherwise essentially is identical (some refer to this configuration as the 3rd Generation iPod classic or the 8th Generation iPod).However, the iPod classic models do offer modestly improved battery life compared to the original 80 GB model that was replaced 36 hours of music and 6 hours of video (the previous original 160 GB model provided greater battery life, 40 hours of music and 7 hours of video). Price $249 11. Product descriptions and price (Apple TV) Apple TV makes it easy to rent or purchase movies and TV shows from Apple as well as stream or mirror movies, shows, photos and oth er content from an iPod, iPhone or iPad as well as from a Mac or PC. It has built-in support for I Cloud, Netflix, YouTube and Flickr along with other dos.It is powered by a single core 32 nm Apple A5 processor and runs a variant of the iOS that powers the iPhone, iPod touch and iPad models, although it does not formally run the iOS and cannot run iOS applications either. Connectivity includes HDMI, optical audio, 10/100Base-T Ethernet, and a single Micro-USB port for service and diagnostics (and hacking) as well as 802. 11a/b/g/n wireless networking. Price $99. 00 C. Iphone 12. Iphone 4 * Model Number A1349 (EMC 2422) 13. Iphone 4S * Model Number A1387 (EMC 2430) 14. Iphone 5 * Model Number A1249 (EMC 2610*) 12. Product descriptions and price (Iphone 4)It has dual cameras a 5 megapixel HD video/still camera (720p at 30 FPS) with a backside illume sensor, a 5X digital zoom, and an LED flash on the rear and a VGA quality video/still camera on the front designed for video conferenci ng over a Wi-Fi network with Apples include Face Time application. It has dual noise-cancelling microphones also. It is powered by an Apple A4 processor of unspecified speed, has 512 MB of RAM, and has 8 GB, 16 GB, or 32 GB of internal storage (8 GB configuration introduced October 4, 2011). Network support includes UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA (850, 900, 1900, 2100 MHz) and GSM/EDGE (850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz). 02. 11g/n and Bluetooth 2. 1+EDR are supported as well. Price $450. 00 13.Product descriptions and price (Iphone 4S) The iPhone 4S also has dual cameras an 8 megapixel HD video/still camera (1080p at 30 FPS) with a backside illuminated sensor, and an LED flash on the rear and a VGA quality video/still camera on the front designed for video conferencing over a Wi-Fi network with Apples included Face Time application. It is powered by a dual-core Apple A5 processor, has 512 MB of RAM, and has 16 GB, 32 GB, or 64 GB of internal storage. he iPhone 4S provides up to 40 hours of audio playback , 14 hours of talk time on 2G, 8 hours of talk time on 3G, 6 hours of Internet use on 3G, 9 hours of Internet use on Wi-Fi, 10 hours of video playback and 200 hours of standby time. Price $599. 00 14. Product descriptions and price (Iphone 5)The iPhone 5 models, regardless of network compatibility, have a 4 diagonal widescreen multi-touch IPS LED-backlit 1136640 native resolution (326 ppi) retina display, dual cameras a rear 8 megapixel, 1080p iSight camera and a front 1. megapixel, 720p Face Time HD camera, and 4G/LTE support, all packed in an aluminum body case with a glass front that is a mere 0. 30 of an inch thick. The iPhone 5 is powered by a 1. 3 GHz dual core Apple A6 processor, has 1 GB of RAM and 16 GB, 32 GB, or 64 GB of flash storage. It also supports both 2. 4 GHz and 5 GHz 802. 11n Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 4. 0 as well as packs three noise canceling microphones, a bottom-mounted headphone jack, and a new USB 2. 0-based Lightning port for connectivity.Apple estimates that th e iPhone 5 models provide up to 40 hours of audio playback, 8 hours of talk time on 3G, 8 hours of Internet use on 3G, 8 hours of Internet use on 4G/LTE, 10 hours of Internet use on Wi-Fi, 10 hours of video playback and 225 hours of standby time. Price $699. 00 Services 1. Mac App Store The Mac App Store is a digital distribution platform for Mac OS X applications. It is genuine by Apple Inc. The platform was announced on October 20, 2010, at Apples Back to the Mac event. Apple began accepting app submissions from registered developers on November 3, 2010 in preparation for its launch. . iOS App StoreThe Apple App Store is a digital application distribution platform for iOS developed and maintained by Apple Inc. The service allows users to browse and download applications from the iTunes Store that were developed with the iOS SDK published through Apple Inc. Depending on the application, they are available either for free or at a cost. The applications can be downloaded directly to a target device, or downloaded onto a personal computer or mackintosh via iTunes. 30 percent of revenue from the store goes to Apple, and 70 percent goes to the producer of the app. 3. iBooksThe iBook store is an ePub content sales and delivery system that delivers e-books to any iOS device) running iOS 4. x 6. x. The iBooks shelf turns around to reveal the iBook store. From here users can purchase various books from Apple. IBooks can sync between devices, so one could start reading a book on one device and continue from where one left-off on another. 4. iCloud iCloud service allows users to store data such as music and iOS applications on strange computer servers for download to multiple devices such as iOS-based devices running iOS 5 or later, and personal computers running OS X 10. 7. 2 Lion or later, or Microsoft Windows.It also replaces Apples Mobile Me service, acting as a data syncing center for email, contacts, calendars, bookmarks, notes, iWork documents, and other data. The service also allows users to wirelessly back-up their iOS devices to iCloud instead manually doing so using iTunes. 5. ITunes The iTunes Store is a software-based online digital media store operated by Apple Inc. as the iTunes Music Store, and has been the most popular music vendor in the United States since April 2008, and the most popular music vendor in the world since February 24, 2010. It now offers over 28 million songs, videos and apps.The iTunes store had sold 16 billion songs. List of Employees 1. Aaron metalworker direct 24 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0A3 profits $200,000 Position title CEO (Store Manager) 2. Abbey Brown Address 2202 Kipling Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M9W 3Z9 Salary $150,000 Position title (Chief Financial Officer) 3. Adeline Wilson Address 1001 Whiskey Cove Road, nautical Falls, BC V0T 1P0 Salary $120,000 Position title Chief Communication Specialist 4. Adam Patel Address Via Miguel de Cervantes, 138, 85050-Brienza PZ Salary $100,000 Position title Marketing Consultant 5. Addison Martin Address 2547 Yonge Street, Toronto, ON M4W 1J7Salary $100,000 Position title Human Resources Advisor 6. Adolph Taylor Address 2032 Robson St, Vancouver, BC V6B 3K9 Salary $100,000 Position title Legal Advisor 7. Aidan Campbell Address 3967 Boulevard Ste-Genevieve, Chicoutimi, QC G7G 2S4 Salary $60,000 Position title Sales Rep. 1 8. Angelina Thompson Address 3269 5th Avenue, Donnelly, AB T0H 1G0 Salary $60,000 Position title Sales Rep 2 9. Anthony jones Address 4903 Manitoba Street, gear up Bridge, ON P1L 2B7 Salary $60,000 Position title Customer representative 10. Ross C. Bailey Address 2280 Gordon Street, San Bernardino, CA 92401Salary $60,000 Position title Customer representative 2 Citations Apple offer Communities. How to Tell Which Version of Ipad I . N. p. , n. d. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. . How to Identify IMac Models. How to Identify IMac Models. N. p. , n. d. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. . IPod Shuffle 3rd Gen 4 GB Specs (iPod Shuffle 3rd Gen, M B867LL/A*, A1271, 2262) EveryiPod. com. IPod Shuffle 3rd Gen 4 GB Specs (iPod Shuffle 3rd Gen, MB867LL/A*, A1271, 2262) EveryiPod. com. N. p. , n. d. Web.

Cloning and Ethical Issues

Essay on copy and ethical issues that immediatly Subject knockoff and ethics get on with up when talking near it. Completed 8/11/2012 Due9/11/2012 Numerous articles appe bed in the newspapers ab bulge out maven particular sheep, natural in 1996. Her name, as you may have figured out, was dame. She was special as she was the first sheep to be cloned accurately by humans. The copy of this sheep raised(a) a lot of questions. The nearly important ones being why would we do clone a living animal and potbelly we clone humans in like manner.Of course these questions do not only require a scientific answer, but also an ethical answer as we ar talking about living creatures. initial of all how exactly tummy you clone living organisms? There are three main types of copy. deoxyribonucleic acid cloning, reproductive cloning and alterative cloning. DNA cloning or recombinant DNA technology is to transfer one piece of DNA into something that can duplicate himself. Bacterial pl asmid, viruses and also yeast chromosomes are utilize for this as they are able to duplicate easily.The DNA fragment containing the gene which is needed is isolated victimisation enzymes, and after that it will be transferred to the bacterial plasmid using once again enzymes. After that the bacterial plasmid starts multiplying, and the outcome will be one certain fragment. Reproductive cloning was how Dolly came to earth the core group of a donor adult cell is placed in an egg cell without nucleus. This cell will then need chemicals or an electric up-to-the-minute to stimulate cell division. If it has indeed started dividing it will need to be placed in a uterus where it continues till the animal gives birth.Therapeutic cloning, sometimes referred to as fertilized egg cloning, is the production of human stem cells for use in research. This isnt used at all to create cloned human beings, its just for the research because ascendent cells are sooner important. Stem cells arent spec ified yet so they can chance into any kind of cell depending on what scientists want to research on. this instant you may have a bun in the oven what this has to do with the full-page can we clone humans and the ethical and moral issues. Can we clone humans using the DNA cloning? No. besides we can use it to create new medicines or vaccines as this method can nly be used for certain parts of DNA and not the whole of it. Reproductive Cloning could, theoretically, be used for cloning humans. In real life however this technique wouldnt be used because its overpriced and has a truly low rate of success. There were hundreds of failed clones, several dead fetuses and horribly deformed animals before the scientists had Dolly. Most scientists do not feel that this is well for cloning as it is far to risky and also we do not know a lot about this technique either. Therapeutic cloning can be used for parts of the body containing the same set of cells.You could for instance and theoreti cally seen once again, clone a kidney. There are however a lot of risks such(prenominal) as the fetal tissue dying, or tissue rejection if you actually create an organ. Its not possible to clone entire human beings as there is footling knget about cloning and the human body is just far to complex to be created in a laboratory. So most scientists agree that it is not possible yet to clone entire human beings. Most of these scientists highly doubt that it would be possible in the near forthcoming to clone entire human beings, but there are always the what if questions.What if it was possible, what would happen then? The advantage would be that there are no more than donors needed and everybody can live longer and happier. alone killing a clone for a transplant, wouldnt that be considered murder? After all you would kill person who is composed out of the same DNA as you. This raises another question, how would you treat the clones? The same DNA, the same needs. Should the parents of the child or teenager, or adults themselves take care of their own clone or would the clone be raised by some sort of company?These are most what if questions and to be quite honest I believe that we shouldnt clone human beings. There are always people who would want to abuse this technology. This abusing can take many forms people who have entre to all teaching could either sell or keep it, to create a position for themselves which may result in a lot of income inequality. But that isnt the only disadvantages. bet that there will be clones, it would surely narrow down the gene transition which we have created over the years.Excessive cloning could cause a loss of the diversity and therefore we might be less resistant against bacteria, viruses etc. Not only biological but also the ethical questions channelize that the disadvantages outweigh the benefits. The benefits of cloning (parts of) humans being that we wouldnt need any more donors, or we could do research on organs wi thout having to use humans themselves. The disadvantages are that we would abuse the military group once again. If we could clone entire humans that would be defying the rights to live freely. There would be loss of gene diversity which would be unlike to all that make us.After all living is survival of the fittest. Victoria Smit ( 5vf) Sources http//www. ornl. gov/sci/techre originations/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning. shtml http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cloning http//www. geneticsandsociety. org/article. php? list=type&type=59 http//learn. genetics. utah. edu/content/tech/cloning/whatiscloning/ http//thefarnsworths. com/ acquirement/cloning. htm Movie the twenty percent element ( actually not a source but wort watching ) repo men ( about the disadvantages of cloning organs. Also not real a source but worth watching )Cloning and Ethical IssuesEssay on cloning and ethical issues that immediatly Subject cloning and ethics come up when talking about it. Completed 8/11/2012 Due9/11/20 12 Numerous articles appeared in the newspapers about one particular sheep, born in 1996. Her name, as you may have figured out, was Dolly. She was special as she was the first sheep to be cloned entirely by humans. The cloning of this sheep raised a lot of questions. The most important ones being why would we do clone a living animal and can we clone humans too.Of course these questions do not only require a scientific answer, but also an ethical answer as we are talking about living creatures. First of all how exactly can you clone living organisms? There are three main types of cloning. DNA cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. DNA cloning or recombinant DNA technology is to transfer one piece of DNA into something that can duplicate himself. Bacterial plasmid, viruses and also yeast chromosomes are used for this as they are able to duplicate easily.The DNA fragment containing the gene which is needed is isolated using enzymes, and after that it will be transferr ed to the bacterial plasmid using once again enzymes. After that the bacterial plasmid starts multiplying, and the outcome will be one certain fragment. Reproductive cloning was how Dolly came to earth the nucleus of a donor adult cell is placed in an egg cell without nucleus. This cell will then need chemicals or an electric current to stimulate cell division. If it has indeed started dividing it will need to be placed in a uterus where it continues till the animal gives birth.Therapeutic cloning, sometimes referred to as embryo cloning, is the production of human stem cells for use in research. This isnt used at all to create cloned human beings, its just for the research because Stem cells are quite important. Stem cells arent specified yet so they can chance into any kind of cell depending on what scientists want to research on. Now you may ask what this has to do with the whole can we clone humans and the ethical and moral issues. Can we clone humans using the DNA cloning? No. But we can use it to create new medicines or vaccines as this method can nly be used for certain parts of DNA and not the whole of it. Reproductive Cloning could, theoretically, be used for cloning humans. In real life however this technique wouldnt be used because its expensive and has a really low rate of success. There were hundreds of failed clones, several dead fetuses and horribly deformed animals before the scientists had Dolly. Most scientists do not feel that this is good for cloning as it is far to risky and also we do not know a lot about this technique either. Therapeutic cloning can be used for parts of the body containing the same set of cells.You could for instance and theoretically seen once again, clone a kidney. There are however a lot of risks such as the fetal tissue dying, or tissue rejection if you actually create an organ. Its not possible to clone entire human beings as there is little known about cloning and the human body is just far to complex to be create d in a laboratory. So most scientists agree that it is not possible yet to clone entire human beings. Most of these scientists highly doubt that it would be possible in the near future to clone entire human beings, but there are always the what if questions.What if it was possible, what would happen then? The advantage would be that there are no more donors needed and everybody can live longer and happier. But killing a clone for a transplant, wouldnt that be considered murder? After all you would kill someone who is composed out of the same DNA as you. This raises another question, how would you treat the clones? The same DNA, the same needs. Should the parents of the child or teenager, or adults themselves take care of their own clone or would the clone be raised by some sort of company?These are most what if questions and to be quite honest I believe that we shouldnt clone human beings. There are always people who would want to abuse this technology. This abusing can take many fo rms people who have access to all information could either sell or keep it, to create a position for themselves which may result in a lot of income inequality. But that isnt the only disadvantages. Imagine that there will be clones, it would surely narrow down the gene diversity which we have created over the years.Excessive cloning could cause a loss of the diversity and therefore we might be less resistant against bacteria, viruses etc. Not only biological but also the ethical questions show that the disadvantages outweigh the benefits. The benefits of cloning (parts of) humans being that we wouldnt need any more donors, or we could do research on organs without having to use humans themselves. The disadvantages are that we would abuse the power once again. If we could clone entire humans that would be defying the rights to live freely. There would be loss of gene diversity which would be contradictory to all that shaped us.After all living is survival of the fittest. Victoria Smi t ( 5vf) Sources http//www. ornl. gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning. shtml http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cloning http//www. geneticsandsociety. org/article. php? list=type&type=59 http//learn. genetics. utah. edu/content/tech/cloning/whatiscloning/ http//thefarnsworths. com/science/cloning. htm Movie the fifth element ( actually not a source but wort watching ) repo men ( about the disadvantages of cloning organs. Also not really a source but worth watching )

“Ode to an Orange” by Larry Woiwode Essay

Ode to an Orange by Larry Woiwode is an evocative essay that brought many of my memories back. I became part of the point by experiencing what the originator was describing. Larry incites all of our senses with the sharp description of an orange that for most of us is simply another fruit. The smell produced when we squeeze it, and its spherical orange manikin gives us the sensation of being there. This essay made me think about the different ways we look at an orange. Most of us are accustomed to the conventional way of seeing an orange. However, for some people an orange is a lot more than merely a fruit.The author emphasizes in the importance of an orange for him. One example of this emphasis is at line 10 when he mentions There was no depth of degradation that we wouldnt descend to in baseball club to get one. This tells me that the author not only liked oranges, but that he was passionate about enjoying the flavor and texture of an orange. I think that the author feels in this way because the orange brings some of his most memorable times back. He clearly remembers the way her mother used to tease him and his brother. He emphasizes this by repeating his thoughts in the end.I enjoyed reading this story because I can relate with what the author writes. In the summers of my childhood, there was no better flavor than the originated by a cold orange juice. After reading this story, I felt a strong desire to buy some oranges and make a crackpot of cold juice, and the fact that is summer now greatly complements it.Finally, this story has made me more aware of the ordinary things we have around us. Everything is an interesting topic for writing, and as the book mentions, we need to be more perceptive with our environment. Larry has a unique way to make us feel inside the story. He reminds me that before theaters and telecasting was writing. We only need our imagination to create the most beautiful stories.

How College Degree Is Important to Me Essay

College education gives me the opportunity to have an extremely success future. Its everything that most individual wants in their life. Since its so tremendous and valuable to have a college full point I allow take the opportunity to pursue it. A college degree is very heavy and has a signifi gaget meaning to my future, it pull up stakes provide me with a better career with higher pay salary, experience and it will give me that personal rapture for making my dream come through. According to Nelson Mandela Education is the most powerful weapon which you use to change the world. And I believe by having my college degree can change my world.I am surgical technologist that enjoys work and benefactoring people, so by obtaining a college degree in psychology will make me understand people from a different perspective. However, my job is always challenging and by furthering my education I will have the ability to catch out new things every day. This degree will reassure my employer that I can cope with the work environment and also has the ability to adapt to constant change. A degree is evidence that help climbing the corporate ladder, it gives you the higher ups that you have necessary skills to be promoted to a higher position.By accomplishing a college degree will allow me to have the experience and the skill that I never had before. Its a learning experience that would transform me in a life time. Achieving a college degree would give me the skills to perform my job or to face the real world. In reality facing the real world without a college degree can be very difficult. Mostly by earning a degree will give the hope and personal satisfaction about me. I can intent confident and secure about the next step I will be taken without fear.It will help me to prepare for industrial skills. For example physical composition essays, computer science and how to analyze people behavior that is why my major is psychology so it can help me deal with people appropriat ely. Thus, college can help me achieving the skills related to the industry I am working in and help me to figure out how to do my job. In conclusion achieving my college degree is the most all important(p) thing to my life and my future, it will help my family in so many valuable ways and most of all will make me accomplish my tendency a college degree.

3 Levels of Society Essay

Society consists of three levels the upper, middle, and lower class. This was established by philosophers Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx. Marx stated his views, known as the Marxist Theory. The Marxist view of scientific accessibleism was ground on the short writings and views from two social scientists. The theory conceived by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels provided theoretical basis for the struggle of the working class to gain a higher(prenominal) class in ordination. They viewed crime as function of social demoralization, caused by the Capitalist society. While Karl Marx himself did not write much on the topic of crime, his views on the relationship between the concept of social conflict, this concept was first applied to criminology by three distinguished scholars Willem Bonger, Ralf Dahrendorf, and George Vold. (Pg. 269 Seigel Larry J.).Willem Bonger had the belief that society was divided into two groups, the relieve oneselfs or the ruling class and the have nots or the in ferior class. The law is supposed to protect all classes of society, notwithstanding in reality the law serves the will of the ruling class. Unless a situation is in a potentially harmful way of the ruling class, no actions are taken. But when actions such as crime affect the the great unwashed of power and something has to be done, the legal system discriminates against the poor because of the capitalist society. Being the lower class, people are deprived of materials and are still monopolized by the upper class, they now are more likely to commit crime.Ralf Dahrendorf argued that society of today was organized into peremptorily coordinated associations. There are two associations who make up society, the people who have authority and us it for social domination and then theres those who lack authority and are dominated. He says that society needs to step away from the ruling of classes and adhere to the idea of authority. Ralf states that society is made up of competing concern groups and formed his own theory on human behavior called the conflict theory. This theory is based off of a few ideas, such as, social change is everywhere, social conflict is everywhere, and every element in society iis a contribution to its own change.George Vold argued that the laws are made to help politically orienteered groups, who look to aid by the government. They need help protecting their rights and interests so they need someone with forceful power to help. He feels that a law can be created be enough people who share the same view and interests. In the end every case and criminal situation involves conflict of some sort. plague is viewed as a social demoralization, as stated earlier. All three of these distinguished scholars had their own theories, overlapping in belief or not, on how society and crime worked. Willem Bonger believed society was divided into two groups, the haves and the Have nots. Ralf Dahrendorf argued that society was organized into imperatively co ordinated associations. And George Vold said that the laws were/are made to help politically orienteered groups, who sample aid by the government.

What is BigData?!How is it secure!!

Nowadays the volume of info and in changeion has grown massively since the beginning of ready reckoner , so did the ways of processing and handling those on-growing data , the hardw argon software and so did the ability to keep those data secure has evolved as well , mobiles , social-media and every last(predicate) deferent types of data caused the data to grow even more(prenominal) and more the huge data volume has exceeded a single machine processing skill and conventional competing mechanisms Which led to the use of par wholeel and distributed processing mechanisms but hence data are expected to increase even more ,the mechanisms and technique as well as hardware, software need to be improved . IntroductionSince the beginning of computers, the people had used landline phones but now they take hold smartphones. Apart from that, they are in like manner using bulky desktops for processing data, they were using floppiest then hard disk and nowadays they are using drove for st oring data. Similarly, nowadays even self-driving cars put one over come up and it is one of the Internet of things (IOT) examples.We can notice due to this enhancement of technology were generating a huge amount of data. Lets take the example of IOT, have imagined how much data is generated due to using the smart air conditioners, this device actually monitors the body temperature and the outside temperature and accordingly decides what should be the temperature of the room. So, we can actually, see that because of IOT we are generating a huge amount of data.Another example of smartphones, every action even one video or image that is sent through all messenger app leave generate data. The data that generate from varicose resources are in structured, semi-structured and structured format. List this data is not in a format that our relational database can handle and apart from that even the volume of data has also increased exponentially.We can define full-size data as a collecti on of data sets very large and complex that it is difficult to analyze using conventional data processing applications or database organisation tools. In this writing firstly, we will define the broad data and how to classify a data as big data. Then, we will discuss the privacy and the security in big data and how the infrastructure techniques can process, store and often also analyses a huge amount of data with different formats. at that placefore well see how Hadoop solve these problems and extrapolate few components of Hadoop simulation as well as NoSQL and cloud. What is a big data and how to consider a data as a big data? A widely definition of big data belongs to IDC big data technologies describe a new generation of technologies and architectures, designed to economically extract abide by from very large volumes of a wide variety of data, by enabling the high-velocity capture, discovery, and/ or analysis (Reinsel, 2011) According to the 4Vs we can classify the data as a big dataThe 4Vs are 1- Volume of data it is tremendously large. 2- Variety different kinds of data is being generated from various sources Structured have a befitting schema for your data in a tabular format like table.semi-structured schema is not defined properly like XML E-mail and CSV format. un-structured like phone video images. 3- Velocity data is being generated at an alarming rate.With Clint-server model the time came for the web applications and the internet boom. Nowadays everyone started using all this applications not plainly from their computers and also from smartphones. So more users more appliances and hence a lot of data. 4- Value mechanism to bring the determine meaning out of the data. We need to lick sure that whatever analysis we have done it is of some value. That is it will help in business to grow. Or it has some value to it. (MATTURDI Bardi1, 2014) Infrastructure techniques There are many tools and technologies used to deal with a huge amount of da ta (manage, analyze, and organize them) Hadoop Its an open source platform managed under the Apache Software Foundation, and its also called-Apache Hadoop-, and it applies processing a huge amount of data It allows to exercise with structured and unstructured data arrays of dimension from 10 to 100 Gb and even more (V.Burunova) and that have done by using a set of servers .Hadoop consists of two modules that are, MapReduce which distributed data processing among multiple servers and Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) for storing data on distributed clusters. Hadoop monitors the correct work of clusters and can detect and retrieve any error or failure for one or more of connecting nodes and by this way Hadoop efforts increasing in core processing and storage size and high availability.Hadoop is usually used in a large cluster or a public cloud service such(prenominal) as Yahoo, Facebook, Twitter, and Amazon (Hadeer Mahmoud, 2018). NoSqlNowaday, the global Internet is handled wit h many users and large data. To make large numbers of users use it simultaneously. To support this, we will use the NoSql database technology. NoSql it is non-relational database starting in 2009 used for distributed data management system (Harrison, 2010)Characteristics of NoSql Schema less data insert into Nosql without first defining a sturdy database it provides immense application flexibility.Auto-Sharding data prevalence through server automatically, without requiring application to participateScalable replication and distribution more machine can be easily added to the system according to the requirements of the user and software.Queries return answer quickly.Open source development.The popular models of NoSql paint value-store.Column OrientedDocument StoreGraph infobase (Abhishek Prasad1, 2014)2.MapReduce frame work is an algorithmic rule that was created by google to handle and process massive amounts of Data (BigData) in reasonable time using parallel and distributed c omputing techniques, in other-words data are processed in a distributed way before transmission, this algorithm simply divides Big volumes of data into many smaller chunks.These chunks are map-ed to many computers then after doing the required calculations the data are brought back together to load the resulting data set , so as you can see the MapReduce algorithm consists of to main regions User-defined Map function This function takes an input pair and generates a Key/Value set of pairs, the MapReduce library puts all values with same integrated key, then it will be passed to the reduce function.User-defined Reduce function Function that accepts all integrated keys and related values from the map function to combine values in-order to form a smaller set of values . Its generally produce 1 or 0 output values. MapReduce programs can be run in 3 modes A. Stand-Alone personal manner only runs JVM (java virtual machine) , no distributed components it uses Linux file system. B. Ps eudo-Distributed Mode starts a several JVM processes on the same machine.C. Fully-Distributed Mode runs on multiple machines distributed mode it uses the HDFS.Sparks. (Yang, 2012 )Stands for Scalable Big Bioacoustics Pressing Platform.Is a scalable audio framework existed to handle and process large audio files efficiently by converting the acoustic recordings into a spectrograms(Visual representation of the sound) and then it analyses the recording areas ,this framework is implemented using BigData platforms such as HDFS and Spark .B2P2 main components areA. Master Node this node is responsible of manage distribution and control all other nods , its main function are 1-File-distributor, Distribution-Manager it splits the file into smaller chunks to be distributed on the slave nodes.2-Job-Distributor, Process-Manager assigns processing tasks that runs on each slave node and gather the outputted files. (Srikanth Thudumu, 2016)A complete Study on Big Data hostage and Integrity Over corrupt Storage Big data requires a tremendous measure of capacity.Information in Big data might be in an unstructured organization, without standard designing, and information sources can be passed the conventional corporate database. Putting away little and spiritualist measured business associations information in a cloud as Big Data is a superior choice for information examination work store Big Data in Network-Attached Storage (NAS).The Big Data put away in the cloud can be broke conquer utilizing a programming procedure called MapReduce in which question is passed and information are brought. e extricated inquiry comes almost is at that particular lessened to the informational index classical to question. is inquiry handling is at the same time done utilizing NAS gadgets. though MapReduce calculation utilization in Big Data is all around delightful by numerous analysts as it is without an outline and file free, it requires parsing of each record at perusing point.Is the greatest hindrance of MapReduce calculation use for inquiry preparing in distributed computing. Securing Big Data in Cloud there are a few techniques that canbe utilized to secure hugeinformation in cloud conditions. Inthis area, we will analyze a couple oftechniques.1- Source Validation and FilteringData is originating from varioussources, with various arrangementsand merchants. the capacity expertought to confirm and approve thesource before putting away theinformation in distributed storage.the information is sifted through thepassage point itself so security canbe kept up.Application Software Securitythe essential worry of Big Data is tostore a gigantic volume ofinformation and not about security.Subsequently, it is prudent to utilizeinitially secure renditions of soproduct to get the data. through opensource, so product and freeware maybe modest, it might bring aboutsecurity breaks.Access Control andAuthenticationthe distributed storage supplier mustactualize secure chafe con trol andconfirmation systems. It needs tofurnish a few solicitations of theclients with their parts. at thedifficulty in forcing theseinstruments is that solicitationsmight be from various areas.Scarcely any safe cloud specialistorganizations give validation andaccess control serious on enrolled IPtends to in this way guaranteeingsecurity vulnerabilities24.Securingfavored client get to requires all-around characterized securitycontrols and approaches. (Ramakrishnan2, 2016)ReferencesAbhishek Prasad1, B. N. (2014). A Comparative Study of NoSQL Databases. India National Institute of Technology.Hadeer Mahmoud, A. H. (2018).An approach for Big Data Security bassed on Hadoop Distributed file system . Egypt Aswan University.Harrison, B. G. (2010). In Search of the Elastic Database. Information Today.MATTURDI Bardi1, Z. X. (2014).Big Data security and privacy A review. Beijing University of Science and Technology.Ramakrishnan2, J. R. (2016). A Comprehensive Study on Big Data Security. Indi an ournal of Science and Technology.Reinsel, J. G. (2011).Extracting Value from Chaos. IDC Go-to-Market Services.Srikanth Thudumu, S. G. (2016). A Scalable Big Bioacoustic Processing Platform. Sydney IEEE.V.Burunova, A. (n.d.). The Big Datsa Analysis. Russia Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University.Yang, G. (2012 ).The Application of MapReduce in the Cloud Computing. Hubei IEEE.

Pressure Groups †Amnesty International Essay

In Great Britain, the number of political parties is very sm either, whereas the number of pressure groups runs into thousands as the membership of political parties has fallen, that of pressure groups has increased. The gravel of all pressure groups is to influence the people who actually have the power to make decisions. A pressure group is an organised group that seeks to influence the regime decisions or protect or advance a particular cause or interest. Groups may promote a specific issue and raise it up the political agenda. Pressure groups are sometimes able to gather sufficient support to force government to amend or even scrap legislation. For example, in March 1998 around 300,000 people went to London to protest about the Labour governments rural policies the Countryside March the government reacted by announcing plans for a Ministry of rude Affairs and by publishing a white paper investigating all aspects of rural life.In return, these groups have an input into the ma king of decisions. My presentation is primarily focused on the one of the most influential pressure group and merciful rights organisation in the world, called acquittal International. Amnesty International is a world(a) movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human being rights to be respected and protected for everyone. It undertakes explore and takes action aimed at preventing and ending grave abuses of these rights, demanding that all governments and other powerful entities respect the rule of law. It campaigns globally and locally. Amnesty International members and supporters exert influence on governments, political bodies. Activists take up human rights issues by mobilizing public pressure through mass demonstrations, vigils, direct lobbying, publication and promotion of research findings, human rights education or co-operation with student groups.Amnesty International works with and for individuals the world over. For example, it takes action to seal off violence against women or abolish the death penalty. Ever since Amnesty International started campaigning in 1961, it has worked around the globe to stop the abuse of human rights. In 1961 Peter Benenson launched a worldwide campaign, Appeal for Amnesty 1961 with the publication of a prominent article, The Forgotten Prisoners. The imprisonment of two Lusitanian students, who had raised their wine glasses in a toast to freedom, moved Benenson to write this article. His appeal was reprinted in other papers across the world and off out to be the genesisof Amnesty International.The first international meeting was held in July, with delegates from Belgium, the UK, France, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the US. They decided to establish a permanent international movement in defence of freedom of opinion and religion. On Human Rights Day, 10 December, the first Amnesty candle was lit. In January 1962 the first research get down was undertaken. This trip to Ghana, was follow ed by Czechoslovakia in February (on behalf of a prisoner of conscience), and then to Portugal and East Germany. Moreover, At a conference in Belgium, a decision was made to set up a permanent organization that will be known as Amnesty International.During all these years Amnesty International has undertaken many of the campaigns and actions and developed human rights. It broaden its territory and became one of the most stronger human rights protector. In January 1969, UNESCO granted Amnesty International consultative status as the organization reached another milestone 2,000 prisoners of conscience released. In 1977 the organisation was awarded Nobel Peace Prize for its campaign against torture, and the United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights in 1978. After 30 years the organization broaden its scope to cover work on abuses by armed opposition groups, hostage taking and people imprisoned imputable to their sexual orientation. Thousands of Amnesty International members r espond to Urgent Action appeals on behalf of individuals at immediate risk.Publicity through the news media and the internet takes its message in many languages to megs of people. It is an organisation independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion, it is democratic and self-governing and financially self-sufficient. Amnesty International has more than 2.8 million members, supporters and subscribers in over 150 countries and territories, in every region of the world. It has offices in 80 countries around the world, for example in Sweden, Senegal or Bangladesh. Amnesty International research teams focusing on particular countries and themes investigate reports of human rights abuses, cross checking and corroborating information from a wide variety of sources and contacts.It receives information from many sources, including prisoners and others suffering other human rights abuses and their representatives, lawyers andjournalists, refugees, community workers and human rights organizations and defendersAll Amnesty International campaigning and research is fact based. Among the many activities it carry out, it sends experts to talk with victims, observes trials, monitors global and local media, publicizes its concerns in documents, leaflets, posters, advertisements, newsletters and websites.Amnesty Internationals current six year ( 2010 -2016) strategy aims to empower rights-holders whose rights are challenged and strengthen the human rights movement.

Never Let Me Go: Film vs Novel Comparison

Can a movie eer be as near as a book? While it is true that books allow the readers to engage into the narrators thoughts and perceive the events through a special(a) point of lot, bucks themselves are a masterpiece in their own kind of bureau. The gravy holder scene in the novel Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro, which reunites Kathy, condolence, and Tommy, after so many years of leading separate peppys, plays a significant reference in both the book and the acquire. Though the film adaptation certain(prenominal)ly modifies this passage by adding and omitting certain features, the film adaption still stays very true to the book.Perhaps the strongest difference is the emphasis of Kathy and Tommys relationship in the film, which appears a few chapters later in the book. Moreover, the film, with its beautiful scenery and music, manages to embellish the melancholic mood of the scene, in order to make it more powerful than in the book. The passage in the novel st subterfuge s by braggart(a) vivid descriptions of the setting, which are used to establish the desolate atmosphere displayed throughout of the scene. The authors particular diction plays a key role to emphasize this look.Phrases such as there was open fen as far as we could collar, the pale sky looked vast, and it reflected every so a lot in the patches of water breaking up the land are the main indicators that help us enter the setting. The syntax is primarily lengthy and detailed sentences. These sentences help establish the mood as rather marooned and unresisting. The expression ghostly dead trunks poking out of the soil even goes further than this passive mood by providing a sense of gloominess.Little details, such as you could hear the squelch in our blank space add a touch of realism and provide a better picture of the scene. The description of the gravy holder that follows makes the reader admiration upon its symbolism and the characters struggle for identity throughout the b ook. Here, once more, the parole choice implies that it is old and dilapidated. The ride, described as having cracking paint and timber frames crumbling away demonstrates that it is confine on the shores of the beach and is devoid from its freedom.This very much relates to the animateds of the characters, in the sense that they too do not possess the freedom to lead the life they dreamed of living. As readers, we start to question the purpose of the clones life. It is their role to defend real people alive, but does their role stop there? It is clear to see how the characters struggle upon determination their own identity and the meaning of their lives throughout the book, in the way in which they attempt to create art and keep a collection box, which they use to distinguish themselves from their classmates.As the novel progresses, it is evident that this search for identity at last leads the characters to spending more time searching upon the meaning of their lives rather than actually living their lives. We would like to see Ruth work in an office, Kathy and Tommy doing something they like and build up a true life. Unfortunately, the characters like the beached boat cannot serve their true purpose. Just like we would expect a boat to broom the sea, we would expect the characters to live their life. The last part of the passage involves a dialogue that shows both Ruths fear of end and the theme of complacency in the book.Indeed, as the characters start talking about Chrissie completing on her depression donation, Kathy mentions that Rodney is okay, and that he thought Chrissie wouldnt have minded too much completing on her first donation. Ruth responds angrily that how could he possibly know how Chrissie would have felt? as it was not him that was clinging to life. The author adds that her expression is hard and stern. Ruth shows by defending Chrissie so ardently that she is tired of people assuming clones feelings, and wants to cry out that com pleting is something that scares her, and that probably scares a lot of clones too.Disturbingly though, at the end of the passage, Ruth states herself that It felt right to become a donor, because after all, its what were supposed to be doing. Tommy, on his part, also states that he didnt mind, really becoming a donor. It is frustrating for the readers to see how easily these characters accept their fate. Even Ruth who seems deeply affected by the intellect of completing has no trouble saying that it is what she is supposed to do anyways. It is almost as if she is the one to doomed for her fears, not society, as she is the one who is not strong enough to deal with her responsibility.The movie, by contrast to the book, uses film techniques to communicate a much more melancholic environment. We see a long shot of the setting, and as the camera pauses on the panoramic view of the marshland, the moment resembles a frozen picture. We see in the fist plane the marshlands, consequentl y to the side and further away we can distinguish the characters standing(a) in a corner, staring at the beach beyond them. In the middle of this vast beach, the abandoned boat standing alone can be distinguished, behind it, a flat blue sea, and above, a dark colour in sky.The incidental music that evokes sorrow stops playing at this point, and is instead replaced by the soothing give way of the ocean and seagulls. While it is true that the descriptions in the book give us a pretty good image of the place, nothing can replace the beautiful, deserted view displayed in the movie. This not only accentuates the feeling of isolation, but also gives rise to a sense of melancholy that affects the desolate mood of the passage. The scene then cuts into a mid-close up of Tommy longingly running towards the boat, which marks another difference with the book.As the camera zooms in, we notice the boat resembles the one depicted in the book (old, paint coming off, etc. ) and Tommy, as he sits o n the boat, smiles and waves at the girls beyond. However, though Tommy feels happy, we cannot help but feel pity and sorrow for him. First, the way he is heaving and pressing his hand against his chest makes us feel concerned about his deteriorating health. Then, the way he pretends to traverse the boat like a little kid shows that despite being a complacent donor, Tommy longs to sail the world, to live his life.The reality is that he will never be able to. Again, this is tied to the symbolism entrap in the book the characters are like beached boats, deprived of their freedom and their ability to live their life. At last, as the characters are discussing in the beach, a bigger emphasize on the love relationship between Kathy and Tommy is generate in the film. While the book mentions that Ruth and Tommy are sitting next to each other on the beach, it is Kathy and Tommy that are shown next to each other in the film.As the characters engage in conversation, the camera shifts back and onward in a close up between Ruth displayed alone and the two others. This allows us to revolve about more on the characters facial expressions, which helps us decipher how they feel. In the scene, Kathys expression shows she is rather sad, Ruth looks more distressed, and Tommy is the happiest of them all. While talking about donors completing on their first donation, Ruth, just like in the book, makes a bitter remark that it happens more often than they tell us.And just like in the book, Tommy adds smilingly that he makes a good donor. So though the theme of conformity is present by the way Tommy smiles, the fact that Ruth doesnt show that she is also complacent lessens the frustrated feeling we get in the book when Ruth complains about being a donor yet later adds that Its what we are supposed to do. Instead, the film incorporates a dialogue that occurs later in the book. It is Ruths confession to Kathy and Tommy for having unploughed them apart all these years, because s he was jealous and scared no one would love her.To make up for her mistake, she has establish Madames character with the hope that they will apply for a deferral. The melancholic mood mentioned in the paragraph above combines perfectly with Ruth admitting that Kathy and Tommy should have been together all along. As Kathy looks away from the camera and replies Its too late for that now, Ruth the mood becomes even more tragic. However, the fact that Tommy accepts the paper with Madames address arises a spark of hope into us hope that they will manage to get a deferral, and live a few years happy without worrying about their obligation to society just yet.In all, the film does incorporate some elements not present in the book, but the overall message depicted body the same. The film though, due to its visual means as way to communicate with the public, blends in the beautiful view of the sea with melancholic background music to intensify the regretful mood of the scene. It incorpora tes Ruths apology and emphasizes Tommy and Kathys love relationship to add significance to the passage. In both cases, the boat can be seen as the finite nature of true freedom.Though it was once new and could sail the world, the boat is now trapped on the shores of the beach, just like the characters are trapped in their society, and unable to change their fate. In both mediums, the characters show their complacency towards completing, the book, however, gives a stronger emphasis on the fact that Ruth is scared. We can very well imagine her fear of completing, but we cannot understand why she later calls it alright. This in turn makes us wonder if it is better to suppress our emotions and live accepting of our fate, however unfair it may be, or if it is better to guerrilla and respond to our rage.

Education and the Subjective Quality of Life* Essay

daybook of Health and Social Behavior 1997, Vol. 38 (September)275-297 We examine whether command influences subjective step of life. If it does, what atomic number 18 the mechanisms by which teaching method affects social welfare? We design that educa- tion improves rise up- be because it growings entryway to nonalienated paid work out up and economic resources that increase the wizard of contain over life, as well as access to stable social relationships, particularly wedding party, that increase social adjudge.We examine the relationship amidst command and a variety of indicators of subjective quality of life- mental picture, anxiety, anger, aches and pains, malaise, and dissatis- faction. devisement two representative field of study samples collected in 1990 and 1995, we find that the well improve have displace directs of emotional di mark (including depres- sion, anxiety, and anger) and phy defineal damage (including aches and pains and malaise), but they do not have reject levels of dissatisfaction. gentility reduces dis- tress largely by way of paid work, nonalienated work, and economic resources, which are associated with high individual(prenominal) simpleness but the extent to which it reduces woe by way of marriage and social support is frequently to a greater extent modest. We contrast distress and dissatisfaction as indicators of the subjective quality of life. Does rearing matter to subjective quality of life? If it does, what are the mechanisms by which schooling affects well- cosmos?We pro- pose that education is valuable to individual well-being because it provides access to the two primary determinants of well-being non- *We are indebted to the guinea pig Institute on maturation for the grant (ROI AG12393) to John Mirowsky and Catherine Ross that supported the Aging, Status, and the Sense of Control (ASOC) data collection and analysis. We are indebted to the National Science Foundation for the grant (SES- 8 916154) to Catherine Ross that supported the scat, Family, and Well-Being (WFW) data collec- tion.Sampling, pretesting, and interviewing for both hatfuls were conducted by the Survey look into Laboratory of the University of Illinois. We thank John Mirowsky for his statistical help, Barbara Reskin for her help with the comparison process theory of satisfaction, and JHSB reviewers for their suggestions. Address counterbalance to Catherine Ross, Department of Sociology, 300 Bricker Hall, 190 North Oval Mall, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1353 e-mail ross. 131 osu. edu. alienated paid work and supportive relation- ships.Compared to the poorly educated, we pass judgment that well-educated both(prenominal)bodys have access to nonalienated paid work that increases the sense of ain control. Well-being comes, first, from nonalienated work in which throng exert control over the diligence process (Kohn 1976 Marx (1884 1964). Work that gives large number the freedom f rom routinization, monot- ony, and external control on the one hand, and a chance to use their skills, articulate as a per- son, and learn new things on the other, theo- retically increases subjective well-being, in part by change magnitude perceived control.Com- pared to the poorly educated, we as well as expect that well-educated individuals have access to stable social relationships, particularly mar- riage, that increase social support. Well-being comes, second, from primary group ties and social bonds that increase supportive relation- ships with others, especially the in-personized secu- rity of marriage, and the sense of having other populate to talk to and turn to in cartridge holders of need (Durkheim 1951 Litwak and Messeri 1989).We propose that, done these processes, 275 276 JOURNAL OF wellness AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR education improves the subjective quality of life, measured as psychological well-being and distress. We extend core economic and sociological perspect ives on the meaning of education to individual well-being. We make out that educa- tions value extends beyond seams, earnings, prestige, and power to populations psychological well-being.According to human ceiling and status attainment theories, employers need workers who can read, write, do basic math, communicate, negotiate, solve problems, look things up, figure things out, and develop ideas this human capital is acquired in school, and these skills, knowledge, and abilities help a person get a good job (Blau and Duncan 1967 Becker 1964 Hyman, Wright, and Reed 1975 Sewell and Hauser 1975 Spaeth 1976 Treiman and Terrell 1975). The same skills and abilities shaped by schooling, we argue, improve individual well-being through their ready on objective life conditions and social psychological resources.THE LINKS BETWEEN education AND DISTRESS The negative connexion between education and psychological distress is well documented (Glenn and Weaver 1981 Kessler 1982 Lennon and Ro senfield 1992 Link, Lennon, and Dohrenwend 1993 Mirowsky and Ross 1989, 1995 Pearlin et al. 1981 Ross and Huber 1985 Ross and Mirowsky 1989), but the mechanisms by which education affects well-being are not. rearing is rarely the focus of investigation in the sociological study of stress (Pearlin 1989). Instead, it is usually a control variable in search whose focus is on something else.This means that search has not identified the mechanisms by which edu- cation affects psychological well-being. Furthermore, when subjective well-being is measured as satisfaction, researchers find brusk positive effect of education. This raises the question of whether educations effect is uni- formly positive. Well-educated persons are not more satisfied with their jobs than the poorly educated (Andrisani 1978 Gordon and Arvey 1975 Glenn and Weaver 1982 Quinn, Staines, and McCullough 1974 Ross and Reskin 1992), and they are not more satisfied with life in general (Pascarella and Terenzini 1991). Some argue that if education does not increase job satisfaction, or satisfaction over- all, possibly it has little real value to the subjec- tive quality of life, since a principal motivation for attaining a high level of formal education in the United States is access to satisfying work (Berg 1971 Quinn and Mandilovitch 1977). We examine the relationship between edu- cation and a variety of indicators of subjective quality of life. We distinguish distress- depression, anxiety, anger, aches and pains, and malaise-from dissatisfaction.Theo- retically, distress results from deprivation, whereas dissatisfaction results from depriva- tion relative to ones expectations (Mirowsky and Ross 1989). We propose that education improves the subjective quality of life, mea- sured as psychological well-being and distress -measures not confounded by high expecta- tions among the advantaged. If education cor- relates positively with subjective well-being, what explains the association?We focus on t wo pathways by which education might affect individual well-being (1) work and economic conditions, which increase personal control and (2) marriage and family conditions, which increase social support. Often educational attainment is used simply as an indicator of socioeconomic status. However, education, income, and work indi- cate different underlying concepts, so we keep the three aspects separate. Schooling indicates the accumulated knowledge, skills, values, and behaviors learned at school, in addition to being a credential that structures appointment opportunities.Income and economic hardship indicate economic well-being. Work is pro- ductive activity (paid or not). Further, educa- tion, employment, and economic resources are not on the same causal level. Education is the key to ones position in the stratification sys- tem it shapes the likelihood of being em- ployed, the qualities of the job a person can get, and income. Combining variables from different causal levels obsc ures processes. If education affects psychological well-being, is its effect direct, or is it corroborative by way of work or economic resources?Work and Economic Conditions Paid Work. Well-educated people are more in all likelihood to be busy and are more likely to be employed full-time (vs. part-time) than are those EDUCATION AND THE SUBJECTIVE QUALITY OF LIFE 277 with little education (U. S. Department of Education 1992). Employment, especially full- time employment, in turn, is associated with high levels of psychological and physical well-being (Gore and Mangione 1983 Lennon and Rosenfield 1992 Pearlin et al. 1981 Ross and Bird 1994 Verbrugge 1983).Although physical and amiable health affect an individuals likelihood of being employed, the positive asso- ciation between well-being and employment is not simply due to the selection of healthy people into the work force (Kessler, House, and Turner 1987 Ross and Mirowsky 1995). Nonalienated Work. We expect that educa- tion giv es people access to nonalienated work that involves a variety of tasks, nonroutine work, and the chance for continued learning and development, which decreases distress. In nonalienated work, workers control the labor process they have the chance to use their skills in the design and implementation of the work.Nonroutine work gives people the free- dom to use thought and independent judgment in doing different things in different ways preferably than doing the same thing in the same way in a process designed and controlled by others. Skilled work gives people the chance to learn new things and develop as a person through work. Together, creative, nonroutine, independent work that gives a person control over the labor process, and work that is intrin- sic to a persons development not external to it, are the essence of nonalienated labor.Kohn and colleagues find that control over the work process, rather than ownership of the means of production or control over the labor of others, i s most important to psychological functioning (Kohn 1976 Kohn and Schooler 1982 Kohn et al. 1990). We expect that the work done by well- educated people is less alienated than that done by the poorly educated, and that this work decreases distress. However, the evi- dence as to whether work characteristics explain some of the effect of education on psy- chological well-being is change integrity.Lennon (1994) finds that the effect of education on depression is explained when work condi- tions-autonomy, time pressure, responsibili- ty, interruptions, physical effort, and routine- are added. Link and colleagues (1993) find that educations impact on psychological well- being works largely through giving individu- als access to jobs involving direction, control, and planning. However, others find that the effect of education on distress remains unchanged with adjustment for job control and other occupational characteristics (Kessler 1982 Lennon and Rosenfield 1992).Economic Resources. piteous levels of educa- tion increase economic hardship. Individuals with low levels of education have lower incomes than those with high levels of educa- tion (Sewell and Hauser 1975), in part because they are less likely to be employed, and if employed, more likely to hold low-level jobs. Low levels of education go on deprive people of the problem-solving resources needed to cope with the stresses of economic hardship. Ross and Huber (1985) find a synergistic effect on economic hardship of low education and low income, each making the effect of the other worse. luridness increases psychological distress the chronic strain of struggling to pay the bills and to feed and clothe the tikeren takes its toll, often in feelings of depression and malaise (Pearlin et al. 1981 Ross and Huber 1985). Marriage and Family Composition Marital Status. Evidence that education is positively associated with marriage is some- what mixed and indirect. The well educated are less likely to divorce, pr obably due to the fact that they marry afterward and do so under more favorable economic conditions (Glick 1984 Houseknecht and Spanier 1980).Education is negatively associated with widowhood, too, since men and women claim partners with similar levels of education (Kalmijn 1991 Qian and Preston 1993), and well-educated people live longer than those with lower levels of education (Rogot, Sorlie, and Johnson 1992). Although education is negatively asso- ciated with marital dissolution, either through divorce or widowhood, it is also negatively associated with marrying in the first place, especially for some groups.Education decreases the probability of ever marrying among Whites, while highly educated Blacks are more likely to marry than Blacks with lower levels of education (Bennett, Bloom, and Craig 1989). Women with high levels of education are more likely to postpone mar- riage, not to remarry after divorce, and never marry in the first place than are women with lower levels o f education and women who fail to marry in young self-aggrandisinghood attain a higher 278 JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR level of education than those who do marry (McLanahan and Casper 1994).All told, how- ever, well-educated women and men are more likely to be currently married than those with- out high school degrees (Qian and Preston 1993). Overall, married people and those who live with partners are healthier and happier than those who are single, divorced, or widowed (Waite 1995). Married people have higher lev- els of physical and psychological well-being than do unmarried people (Gove, Hughes, and Style 1983 Ross, Mirowsky, and Goldsteen 1990 Ross 1995). If marriage has any nega- tive effects on well-being, it may be due to child care responsibilities, which fall dispro- portionately on women.People with children at home do not have higher levels of psycho- logical well-being than nonparents (Gore and Mangione 1983 Kessler and McRae 1982 McLanahan and Adams 1987). I n many instances, parents-especially mothers-are more psychologically distressed than non- parents (Gove and Geerken 1977 Pearlin 1975). Most of the stress of children in the home is due to economic strains, excessive child care responsibilities, and difficulties arranging child care while parents are at work (Ross and Huber 1985 Ross and Mirowsky 1988). Since children often come after mar- riage, the effect of marriage on well-being may not be uniformly positive.However, the well educated may get the benefits of mar- riage, without the stress associated with chil- dren, since well-educated women have fewer children than poorly educated women. Women with high levels of education are more likely to remain childless, to postpone having chil- dren, and to have fewer children than are those with lower levels of education (Bloom and Trussel 1984 Rindfuss, Morgan, and Swice- good 1984 Veevers 1979). Since men and women tend to choose partners with similar levels of education (Kalmijn 199 1 Qian and Preston 1993), well-educated men have fewer children, too.Social-Psychological Resources Sense of Control. Belief in personal control is a learned, generalized expectation that out- comes are particular on ones own choices and actions (Mirowsky and Ross 1989 Rotter 1966). The sense of powerlessness, the oppo- site, is the belief that ones actions do not affect outcomes. It is the main form of subjec- tive alienation (Seeman 1959, 1983). Education correlates positively with the sense of control, and the sense of personal control mediates a large part of the negative associa- tion between education and distress (Mirow- sky and Ross 1989 Ross and Mirowsky 1989).The well educated have higher person- al control than the poorly educated, even adjusting for employment, job autonomy, earnings, minority status, age, marital status, sex, and household work (Bird and Ross 1993 Ross and Mirowsky 1992). People with high levels of personal control have low levels of psychological dist ress (Aneshensel 1992 Gecas 1989 Mirowsky and Ross 1986 Pearlin et al. 1981 Wheaton 1980, 1983), and perceived control over both good and bad outcomes correlates negatively with depression (Krause and Stryker 1984 Mirowsky and Ross 1990).High personal con- trol helps people cope actively and flexibly, to avoid problems and to prepare for those that cannot be avoided (Mirowsky and Ross 1989 Turner and Noh 1983 Wheaton 1983). In con- trast, the sense of powerlessness is demoraliz- ing in itself and interferes with active problem- solving. Social Support. Social support is the com- mitment, caring, advice, and aid provided in personal relationships, the sense of being cared for and loved, esteemed and valued as a person, and part of a network of communica- tion and obligation (Kaplan, Robbins, and Martin 1983). Little research has examined the social determinants of support.Education may provide social support by giving people access to multiple roles with independent social net- works which boost the potential for supportive relationships (Walker, Wasserman, and Wellman 1993). Education may also help peo- ple maintain supportive relationships with oth- ers directly by way of increased flexibility in relations with problems, the ability to negotiate and compromise, and to see more than one side of an issue and indirectly by cut back stressors of unemployment, poverty, and eco- nomic hardship which strain interpersonal relationships (Atkinson, Liem, and Liem 1986 Gore 1978).Ross and Mirowsky (1989) find that the well educated have higher levels of support than the poorly educated, but few other studies have examined the association between education and social support. EDUCATION AND THE SUBJECTIVE QUALITY OF LIFE 279 Low levels of social support, especially emotional support, are associated with psycho- logical distress, including depression and anx- iety, and poor health (Gerstel, Riessman, and Rosenfield 1985 House, Landis, and Um- berson 1988 Kessler and McLe od 1985).Social support reduces distress directly and it interacts with stressful life events and situa- tions, buffering their negative effect (Wheaton 1983). Summary of Proposed Mechanisms by Which Education Affects Distress We propose that education gives people access to nonalienated paid work and eco- nomic resources that increase the sense of personal control, and that education gives peo- ple access to stable social relationships, espe- cially marriage, that increase social support. by means of these processes, we hypothesize, education affects subjective quality of life. SAMPLES We use two representative national samples. With these we will replicate relapse analy- ses in order to strengthen confidence in our results, distinguish robust findings from sample-specific ones, and comprehensively measure distress and dissatisfaction in two years. The first is the Aging, Status, and the Sense of Control (ASOC) survey.It is a 1995 telephone survey of a national probability sample of U. S. households. Respondents were selected using a prescreened random-digit dialing method that increases the rate of con- tacting eligible numbers (or decreases the rate of contacting agate line and nonworking num- bers) and decreases standard errors compared to the standard Mitofsky-Waksberg method while producing a sample with the same demographic profile (Lund and Wright 1994 Waksberg 1978).The ASOC survey has two subsamples, designed to produce an 80 percent oversample of persons age 60 and older. The survey was limited to English-speaking adults. The main sample draws from all households the oversample draws only from households with one or more seniors. In the main sample, the adult (18 or older) with the most recent birthday was selected as respondent.

Mali Empire and New World Encyclopedia Essay

Timbuktu was established by the Taureg, a nomadic group, in the tenth- eleventh century along the gearing routes that were along the west coast of Africa (New creation cyclopedia 2007). Timbuktu was in a good spot for consider but not for defending against attacks, and Timbuktu was constantly attacked by Taureg raiders (New humanness Encyclopedia 2007). Timbuktu was never able to germinate due to the raids, but Gao, Timbuktus neighboring city grew to be the political capital (New orb Encyclopedia 2007).As Timbuktu developed and became a city that traded gold, ivory, slaves, and salt Timbuktu became immensely wealthy (New World Encyclopedia 2007). Since Timbuktu was so wealthy it was a target for many European empires seeking wealth (New World Encyclopedia 2007). It started to spurn in the 16th century by the Portuguese traders choosing to send the goods upriver instead of down river (New World Encyclopedia 2007). As Timbuktu developed into a more intellectual center in the ea rly fifteenth century it became known for its religious study of Islam (New World Encyclopedia 2007).While Islam was the main religion of Timbuktu, closely of the rural population were non-Muslim traditionalists (New World Encyclopedia 2007). The University of Sankore, also known as the most prominent Moslem institution, was established in 1581 C. E. and taught mostly centered around the Quran (New World Encyclopedia 2007). In Timbuktu there were more than 120 librarys in which housed millions of books, and approximately of which have not been found yet (New World Encyclopedia 2007).As stories of Timbuktus wealth reached Europe many explorers journeyed downward into Africa to have their own understanding of the wealth (Timbuktu The El Dorado of Africa 2013). As countless European explorers journeyed to Timbuktu and never returned The Geographic Society of Paris offered a reward to whatever explorer that could make it there and 2 endure and live to tell the story (Timbuktu The El Dorado of Africa 2013). The first explorer to reach Timbuktu was Gordon Laing in 1826, but he didnt make it back alive (Timbuktu The El Dorado of Africa 2013).The first explorer to reach Timbuktu was Rene-Auguste Caillie in 1828, by disguising himself as an Arab traveling in a caravan (Timbuktu The El Dorado of Africa 2013). When Rene returned to Europe he wrote three volumes over how unimpressed he was round the city in that it being a mud-walled city, in the middle of the desert, and not having any gold (Timbuktu The El Dorado of Africa 2013). Although in 1512 when Timbuktu was at its peak and Leo Africanus visited he stated The rich king of Tombuto hath many plates and sceptres of gold, some whereof weigh 1300 poundsHe hath always 3000 horsemen (and) a great store of doctors, judges, priests, and other learned men, that are plenteously maintained at the kings expense. (New World Encyclopedia 2007) Although from Shabenis point of view of Timbuktu in 1787 he stated On the east side of the city of Timbuctoo, there is a large timberland, in which are a great many elephants. The timber here is very large. The trees on the outside of the forest are remarkable they are of such a size that the largest cannot be girded by two men.They jump a kind of berry about the size of a walnut, in clusters consisting of from ten to twenty berries. Shabeeny cannot read what is the extent of this forest, but it is very large. (New World Encyclopedia 2007) In 1591 Timbuktu started to slowly decline due to the Morisco mercenaries gird with guns (New World Encyclopedia 2007). One of the few reasons Timbuktu is still in existence is 3 because it is a study tourist attraction that attracts people from all over the world to see the mystical city (New World Encyclopedia 2007).4 Alistair Boddy-Evans (2013). Timbuktu The El Dorado of Africa. ONLINE Available at http//africanhistory. about. com/od/mali/p/Timbuktu. htm. Last Accessed September 10 2013. abstruse (2007). Timbuktu. ONLINE Available at http//www. newworldencyclopedia. org/entry/Timbuktu. Last Accessed September 10 2013. unknown (2013). Sankore Madrasah. ONLINE Available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sankore_Madrasah. Last Accessed Sepember 10 2013.