Honeybees Essays - Beekeeping, Beeswax, Bee, Honey Bee, Worker Bee

Honeybees Honeybees as a Resource Honeybees are very useful to humans. As their name suggests, they make the sweet, delicious treat known as honey that we enjoy. They also make beeswax from which we make many useful items. But the most important thing bees do for us is to pollinate the plants. The honeybee visits flowers, which secrete a sweet liquid called nectar. This water-like nectar is sipped from the blossoms by the bee and carried to the beehive. The raw nectar goes into the cells in almost the same condition as it was when the bee sipped it from the flowers. It is inside the hive that house bees evaporate the nectar down to the thick consistency, which is what we know as commercial honey. We usually think of the main use of honey as a spread on bread, pancakes or biscuits. However, honey has a large use in cooking; such as pastries, canned foods, milk drinks, desserts, frostings, syrups, and salad dressings. Honey contains simple sugars and does not require digestion like regular sugar, so it is useful for quick energy pick up and even for diabetic people. Most honey is sold as extracted honey but it is also sold on the honeycomb which is the wax chambers the bees make in the hive in which to store the honey. The wax comes from a worker bee's belly when she is fourteen to twenty-one days old. The wax chambers are just big enough for a bee to crawl inside. Sometimes people like to eat honeycomb. It can be eaten on toast or as is; then the wax becomes like a chewing gum, but like chewing gum it should not be swallowed. In recent years a new process called the Dyce process has made it possible to make a very nice granulated honey called creamed honey, which is gaining in popularity. However, granulated honey is not used much commercially because it is still an almost unknown honey product. Beeswax is the second most important product produced by the honeybees. Beeswax, the earliest of waxes, has been used in the form of candles for lighting. This is today the second largest use of beeswax. The Roman Catholic Church used to require that pure beeswax candles be used in church but as the numbers of churches grew there wasn't enough beeswax available so that now the Catholic Church requires that candles are at least 51 percent beeswax. The reason the church requires beeswax candles is because the candles do not smoke. Probably the largest user of beeswax today is the cosmetic industry. Beeswax is used as the emulsifying agent in face creams, lipsticks, lotions and rouges. It is also used in shoe polish, sporting goods and military hardware. The beekeeper himself is the third largest user of beeswax, which he gives to the bees as the base of their new comb. There are 70 or more commercial uses of beeswax today. Each year in the United States some 200 million pounds of honey and four to six million pounds of beeswax are produced. Honeybees are not the only insect that pollinates plants, but they are the best. A lot of our food, such as corn, tomatoes, peas, squash, strawberries, apples, pears, and watermelon would not continue without this pollination. During the last three weeks of a worker bee's life, they fly out of the hives as a forager. The bees take pollen and nectar to the hive and deposit it into cells. During a foraging trip each individual bee will collect pollen from just one kind of plant. By doing this, each bee helps pollinate the blossoms. When the bee crawls around on the blossom, the pollen (containing male plant reproductive cells) clings to fine hairs located on the bee's legs. The pollen is carried from one blossom to another blossom of the same kind of plant, where it sticks to the female part of the flower. Without pollination plants would not produce fruit or seeds. Without seeds now new plants could grow. Pollen is carried in small pollen baskets on the outer sides of the bees legs. In order to fill the baskets with pollen, the bee uses her mouth parts and scrapes the pollen from the blossoms and hairs on her leg to secure it in the basket. The pollen is also known as "bee bread." This is because the bee eats the pollen. When bees find a good supply of food they use "sign language." They return to the hive and perform a dance

3 Cases of Confusion with Introductory Adverbial Phrases

3 Cases of Confusion with Introductory Adverbial Phrases 3 Cases of Confusion with Introductory Adverbial Phrases 3 Cases of Confusion with Introductory Adverbial Phrases By Mark Nichol When an adverb or a phrase serving an adverbial function begins a sentence, the writer must take care not to introduce a simple punctuation mistake that erroneously associates that introductory word or phrase with the subject rather than the object. These three examples illustrate the problem and provide solutions. 1. â€Å"Eventually, I hope we’ll be able to exploit such opportunities.† Eventually means â€Å"at some point in the future,† and this sentence expresses the writer’s sentiment that at some point in the future, he or she will hope. What the writer means, however, is that he or she hopes that at some point in the future, exploitation may occur. To accurately convey this meaning, â€Å"I hope† should either begin the sentence (â€Å"I hope that eventually, we’ll be able to exploit such opportunities†) or should be bracketed with a second comma to form a parenthetical (â€Å"Eventually, I hope, we’ll be able to exploit such opportunities†). 2. â€Å"By the end of the quarter, we are sure that productivity will improve.† This sentence reads as if the writer were attempting to mention that he or she and others will be certain at the end of the period stated, but if that were true, the sentence should read, â€Å"By the end of the quarter, we will be sure that productivity will improve.† More likely, however, the statement has the same problem as the first example. For the sake of clarity, the sentence should begin with the subject: â€Å"We are sure that by the end of the quarter, productivity will improve.† Alternatively, â€Å"We are sure,† to remove it from the chronological reference, should be parenthetical: â€Å"By the end of the quarter, we are sure, productivity will improve.† 3. â€Å"With some additional effort, they are confident that he will be successful.† Again, the writer is erroneously associating the subject represented by the pronoun with the introductory phrase. The solution, as before, is to start with the subject (â€Å"They are confident that with some additional effort, he will be successful†) or to make the phrase containing the pronoun a parenthetical phrase (â€Å"With some additional effort, they are confident, he will be successful†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterExpanded and ExtendedComment, Suggestion, and Feedback

Old Trafford stadium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Old Trafford stadium - Essay Example Opened in 1910, Old Trafford was originally intended to hold eighty thousand spectators, making it the second-largest sports ground in the country following Wembley Stadium. All the information regarding events that have occurred in the club’s history, from the club’s founding in 1878 to its activities in present times, is all preserved in the Manchester United Museum whilst the Hall of Fame reveres numerous soccer athletes who have assisted the team, Manchester United, rule the English football league throughout the years. The Trophy Room displays sufficient silver and brass that can try to outshine the Crown Jewels. Introduction: Historical and Cultural setting The Industrial Revolution began in the late 18th century in England but it is a well known fact that from the conclusion of the 18th century, essential economic and social transformation occurred in England. This included: a remarkable increase in countrywide population sizes brought about by a more rapid growt h of existing towns and cities, changing birth and mortality rates predominantly in capital cities Manifestation of new social classes associated to people’s place as workers within the industry or as the owners of industries in the manufacturing process. In addition to the aforementioned reasons for the economic and social developments, progress in transportation and networks of communication also propelled the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution, as noted by historians, was marked by important changes in society, such as, some incorporated advancements in agriculture, such as the implementation of new systems of farming and the creation of new equipment which permitted for an amplified availability of food. Furthermore, there was the expansion of new machinery in industrial manufacture from increases in information that were more often than not the product of informed empiricism and practical experiences. This revolution and its civilization at the time, saw to the spread of the football culture in Britain and consequently to the construction of soccer stadiums. Old Trafford In its initial years, the Manchester United team (Newton Heath) played on various pitches before they moved to North Road Monsall in 1880. This ground was reported to be the worst one in their league; it was enshrouded with the smoke from the nearby industry and the pitch grounds were ranging from gravel to marsh. The original Manchester field opened in 1909, after the Manchester United club relocated from their previous grounds at Bank Lane in Clayton. It had a single covered stand, with room that could allow an individual to stand while watching a game. Despite the inconvenience, the original stadium presented countless luxuries such as attendant, a tea-room with tip-up seats. Following serious financial debt and expenses, Sir John Henry Davies rescued the team from grave bankruptcy and renaming, by giving away a grand total of sixty thousand pounds in 1909 for the acquisition and construction of a site at Trafford Park. The novel ground next to the Bridgewater Canal, which was near the Northern end of Warwick Road. It was complete and ready for utilization on the 22nd of January, 1910 (TheFootyNet). Designed by Scottish architect Archibald Leitch, who planned numerous other stadia, the ground was previously intended to have a carrying capacity of about one thousand people, and featured a covered sitting

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 29

No topic - Essay Example The narrowness of this region enables it to allow the penetration of anything that lies on the surface of the rock. The more the weight of the bighorn is running down to its hooves, the more the two digits make contact with the rock and tend to slide away from each other forming a v-shape. The v-shaped element formed enables the removal of slippery materials on the rocks and leaves it rough thus preventing the sheep from falling from the rocks. Pertaining to the air resistance, a cat jumping from a high floor tends to have lesser injuries than when it is falling from a lower height of the wall. The reason behing this lies behind the notion of the rotation it makes with its body that increases the air resistance that acts against the forces of gravity pulling it to the ground. Thus, the more the air resistance, the lesser the injuries to the cat when its rolling from a high wall (Walker, 2007). But when the cat is jumping from a lower height, it does not rotate its body, thus less air resistance is created (Walker,

The DVLA System Case Study ( ISD) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The DVLA System Case Study ( ISD) - Essay Example Therefore, these companies can immediately get in touch with DVLA for updating their vehicle data base. Individual is generally required to inform the DVLA when they buy or sell a used vehicle. If the registration document is a two part registration document (V5) then DVLA is to be informed as soon as the individual buys a used vehicle, generally by completing the back of the registration document. In case it is the three part (V5), then the person selling the vehicle must complete buyer details in the top (blue) section. Both the buyer and the seller need to sign the declaration. The seller then sends it to DVLA. If the registration certificate is V5C, then the seller is to complete section 6 new keeper or new name/new address details of the V5C. Both buyer and seller need to sign the declaration in section 8. Then the seller sends it to DVLA. This information will be passed on to the DVLA Distribution department. This department sorts out data depending upon whether the car is old or new. This finalized information is then kept in the ‘car information file’ for further reference and action. VED department then generates the reports for further action depending upon the cost, size criteria of the cars. Reports are also generated about the mileage of cars and accordingly taxes are determined. VED also keeps track of the sense of discipline during, amongst the drivers. This helps in encouraging sensible drivers and punishing the errant ones’. DVLA sales department is also a source of revenue for the agency. It sells the personalized number plates to desirous one’s. The information search department takes input from the system and helps in keeping track of all types of information. An entity is something that is supposed to have a distinct, separate existence and identity. In this category, generally we take person, place, thing, event, or concept, about which information is to be stored.

Roles of Windows Server 2012

Roles of Windows Server 2012 Margaret Webb Edition Idea for High level feature-comparison Licensing Model Memory Limits Foundation Costs-efficient all around server Essential server functionality without virtualization rights Server (Limited to 15 users) 32 GB Ram Essentials Environments in small companies Essential server functionality without virtualization rights Server (Limited to 25 users) 64 GB ram Standard Non-virtualized or lightly virtualized environments All features, with two virtual instances Processor + CAL* 4 TB Ram Datacenter Highly-virtualized private cloud management All features are unlimited virtual instances Processor + CAL* 4 TB Ram #2 A private cloud facilitating arrangement, otherwise called an interior or undertaking cloud, lives on organizations intranet or facilitated server farm where the greater part of your information is secured behind a firewall. Public cloud facilitating arrangement. Your information is put away in the suppliers server farm and the supplier is in charge of the administration and upkeep of the server farm. This kind of cloud condition is speaking to many organizations since it decreases lead times in testing and sending new items. Nonetheless, the downside is that many organizations feel security could need with an open cloud. Despite the fact that you dont control the security of an open cloud, the greater part of your information stays isolate from others and security breaks of open mists are uncommon. VDI stands for Virtual desktop infrastructure which has a desktop working framework on a concentrated server in a server farm. VDI is a minor departure from the customer server registering model, some of the time alluded to as server-based processing. 1) Pooled assets: This implies we manage assets at a total level as opposed to at the level of individual servers. The cloud uncovered a pool of limit with regards to use by administrations that require the limit, and this deliberation decouples the virtualized workloads from the physical framework, permitting dynamic workload arrangement and autonomous foundation administration. 2) Self-Service: In the cloud demonstrate, benefit purchasers can utilize a self-benefit involvement, regularly an electronic entrance, to get to the limit they have been assigned, self-arrangement workloads from standing up a solitary VM to sending a perplexing administration, and deal with the life cycle of those workloads. 3) Elasticity: Cloud Elasticity implies that the framework can bolster the changing needs of the association, sending new administrations as required, distributing more assets to administrations that experience overwhelming burden or de-allotting assets to spare power when the heap is light. With cross-cloud administration, workloads can likewise move amongst private and open mists, giving additional limit, geo-scale reach, or different qualities as required. 4) Usage Based: In the cloud show, clients are charged or if nothing else get educated on their cloud asset utilization in light of their genuine asset utilization #3 Resilient File System (ReFS), codenamed Protogon, is a Microsoft exclusive record framework presented with Windows Server 2012 with the goal of turning into the people to come document framework after NTFS. The reason you would utilize it is helps you store and ensure information, paying little mind to the dependability of the basic equipment and programming stack. This limits the cost of capacity and lessens capital uses for organizations. You can convey a Windows Server 2012 R2 document server connected to an only a cluster of plates (JBOD) stockpiling setup with Serial ATA (SATA) or Serially Attached SCSI (SAS) drives. Also, the arrangement could incorporate failover grouping where the client sends a scale-out, two-hub record server bunch with Storage Spaces, where the group utilizes a mutual JBOD stockpiling design with SAS drives #4 Server Roles: !) Active Directory Certificate Services 2) Active Directory Domain Services The primary Windows Server 2012/R2 part that I would introduce on a server for a small assembling organization is the Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) part. The reason I would introduce this part on small assembling organizations server is because it permits the Windows Server 2012/R2 go about as a space controller. This is valuable for the assembling organization since it handles confirmation and approval for every one of the workers that are in a Windows area condition. The second Windows Server 2012/R2 part Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) gives adjustable administrations to issuing and overseeing endorsements in programming security frameworks that utilization open key advances. For foundation data about open key cryptography and the advantages of having an open key framework (PKI), You can utilize AD CS to make at least one affirmation specialists (CA) to get testament demands, check the data in the solicitations and the character of the requester, issue endorsements, renounce declarations, and distribute authentication denial information. #5 Server Core establishments require around 4 GB less space than a Server with a GUI establishment. By utilizing Server Core establishments on virtual machines, you can accomplish a huge space funds by not storing the GUI records on the virtual machines plate. Servers frequently have nearly a lot of memory and complex plate clusters, both of which can set aside a lot of opportunity to instate at startup. Since Server Core establishments limit the quantity of restarts required for updates, the recurrence at which plate clusters and memory must be re-introduced is lessened. Certain server applications have conditions on specific Windows administrations, libraries, applications, and records that are not accessible in Server Core establishments, but rather the manager needs to exploit the decreased requirement for refreshing commonplace of Server Core establishments. The Minimal Server Interface offers extra similarity while as yet keeping up a diminished framework impression (however to a lesser degree than a Server Core establishment). Highlights on Demand can be utilized to diminish the impression for your virtual machine organizations by evacuating parts and components that will never be sent in your virtual machines. Contingent upon the parts and elements utilized as a part of your virtual machines, it is conceivable to lessen the size by more than 1 GB. Diminished adjusting, Since Server Core introduces just what is required for a reasonable DHCP, File, DNS, Media Services, and Active Directory server, less adjusting is required. Decreased administration, since less is introduced on a Server Core-based server, less administration is required. Decreased assault surface Since there is less running on the server, there is less assault surface. Less plate space required Server Core requires around 3.4GB to introduce. More noteworthy solidness. Since a Server Core establishment has less running procedures and administrations than a Full establishment, the general dependability of Server Core is more noteworthy. Less things can turn out badly, and less settings can be designed mistakenly. Disentangled administration. Since there are less things to oversee on a Server Core establishment, its less demanding to arrange and bolster a Server Core establishment than a Full one-once you get the hang of it.

Differing Mentalities In Hip Hop And Rock :: essays research papers

Some of my friends listen to certain genres of rock music, some listen to hip-hop. Despite our friendship we have differing views upon each genres of music. Having listened to both genres of music at one point in my life I have an understanding of why some rock listeners would be quick to reject hip-hop as meaningful, complex and valid art form. The production of hip-hop music first consisted of two turntables and a microphone. The originators of the music who embraced the essence of spoken word in a rhythmic format, were working with the best of what they had living in a situation of poverty. As time and technology progressed, and became cheaper, the production of hip-hop became digital. Beat machines, computer programs that sequenced samples and DAT players that recorded vocals all combined in a computer to produce a finishing product known as hip-hop. Rock music consisted of a drummer, a guitar and a bassist. As time and technology progressed the instruments of this music also changed. The introduction of the electric guitar connected to amps and speakers. Guitar players were able to distort the sound giving it a louder angrier tone. Although technological progress has changed the method in which hip-hop is produced, rock music is still traditionally played with guitarists, drummer and bassists. The actual music being played in hip-hop is simplistic. Traditional hip-hip will not exceed 8 bars of music and is looped over and over again. It is usually a repetition of one-note with quarter note intervals or mere arpeggios, or just the use of a sample with simple bass and constant drum line. There is a reason for this simplicity. If hip-hop were more melodic, it would clutter the MC. Therefore the beat in hip-hop plays a secondary role, accompanying the MC. The focus of hip-hop music is not in the actual music being produced but is the content of the message that the MC is attempting to portray. Of course some have more meaningful things to say than others. The simplicity of hip-hop is where most of the rock listeners find hip-hop music unappealing, because of the â€Å"lack of skill† in the production of music compared to that of rock. Majority of rock music is more complex than hip-hop concerning the actual music being played. There is more effort in the production of t he notes being played as it grows from a theme and is harmonized, while the drums play a more active role, as the song progresses and reaches its climax.

Strategic Lenses Essay

There are 4 strategic lenses: Strategy as Design Strategy as Experience Strategy as Variety (Ideas) Strategy as Discourse Strategy as Design: Is the view that strategy development can be a logical process in which economic forces and constraints on the organization are weighed carefully through analytic and evaluative techniques to establish clear strategic direction and in turn carefully planned in its implementation is perhaps the most commonly held view about how strategy is developed and what managing strategy is about. It is usually associated with the notion that it is top management’s responsibility to do this and that top management led the development of strategy in organizations. Strategy as Experience: Here the view is that future strategies of organizations are based on the adaptation of past strategies influenced by the experience of managers and others in the organization; and are taken for granted assumptions and ways of doing things embedded in the cultural processes of organizations. In so far as different views and expectations exist, they will be resolved, not just through rational analytic processes, but through processes of bargaining and negotiation. Here, then, the view is that there is a tendency for the strategy of the organization to build on and be a continuation of what has gone before. Strategy as Variety (Ideas): This lens emphasizes more the potential variety and diversity which exists in organizations and which can potentially generate novelty. Here strategy is not so much seen as planned from the top but emergent from within and around the organization as people cope with an uncertain and changing environment in their day-to-day activities. New ideas will emerge; but they are likely to have to battle for survival against the forces for conformity to past strategies that the experience lens explains. Drawing on explanations from evolutionary and complexity theories, the ideas lens provides insights into how this might take place. Strategy as Discourse: This view consists in making choices between different possibilities and then inspiring confidence for the choice taken. This view is very high on legitimacy and low on rationality and innovation. Strategy as discourse sees strategy development in terms of language as a â€Å"resource† for managers by which strategy is communicated, explained and sustained and through which managers gain influence, power and establish their legitimacy as strategists.

Millenium Theatre essays

Millenium Theatre essays On October, 10th a concert took place in Millennium Theater which I attended with one of my close friends. It was put together by a Russian organization called Our Talented Children This was the semi-final, The performers in this concert were children that have been already chosen from previous television shows because in order to have been selected for this concert the performers had to be selected by Russian television viewers. There were 2 age groups split into 5-12 years old and 13-18. Songs in many different languages were sung and there was mostly ballroom dancing. I sat in the 12th isle; there were many people in the audience including reporters from different Russian newspapers, and magazines. When I got there I noticed many posters with different sponsors names from different companys and offices. Each performer had their own sponsor. There were 8 judges consisting of Russian pop stars and recording producers. I liked most of the performances. I enjoyed listening to songs in Yiddish, Hebrew, Russian, English and many more different languages. The Costumes were very colorful and were very pretty. There were over 50 performances, there were many different genres of music some were romantic, opera, jazz, modern, and classical. The concert started off with a cartoon movie that showed all the children before they were selected for this concert. The first few numbers were ballroom dances. The first vocal number was a girl who was 13 years old by the name of Alisa; she was my favorite number in the whole entire concert. She sang a song that was called I Wanna Be Loved by You that was originally Marilyn Monroes song. She wore a blonde wig and a blue dress covered with rhinestones to portray Marilyn Monroes performance in the Movie Some Like It Hot It was a very original performance and the audience enjoyed it very much, t ...

The Bush and Saudi Connection and Ethics in Politics essays

The Bush and Saudi Connection and Ethics in Politics essays A couple weeks ago I was sitting in my small cell-like dorm room watching the controversial movie, Fahrenheit 9/11. By the way, if you have never seen the movie, I do highly recommend it. As I was watching the movie, a thought popped into my head like when you suddenly remember something you needed to remember but had totally forgotten. I knew right then that this is the topic that I should write about for my final ethics paper. I had pondered on what topic to write on before but nothing was coming. I knew that out of thirty people, the same topics dealing with religion, child labor, death penalty, and abortion were going to be repeated several times and I had no desire to bore the professor. I really wanted to pick a topic that was different. So, here it is, my topic is on the question of how ethical our dear President has been. According to dictionary.com, the definition of ethics is A set of principles of right conduct. A theory or a system of moral values, the study of the general nature of morals and of the specific moral choices to be made by a person; moral philosophy. The rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession. Here in the USA, in our very own government we can see questionable behavior in which the majority of Americans are unaware. As I had previously stated, I saw the controversial film, Fahrenheit 9/11, by Michael Moore that made got me question some of the statements made in the film. I researched the accuracy of these statements and found an overwhelming amount of documents supporting the statements on the Internet. Fahrenheit 9/11 is a film showing the connection President Bush and his father, Bush senior, have to the Bin Laden family and Saudi oil. To explain the connection I do have to give some background information. In the 1980s, the United States assisted the Saudis financially and militarily in a large buildup of airfields, ports, an...

Tesco International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Tesco International Business Strategy - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  the company operates in thirteen countries, however its main operations are located in the UK, where there are large format of hypermarkets. Being the leader in retail business is not a simple task, because the company should always think over improvement of its strategy over such strong rivals as Sainsbury PLC, the UK chain of  supermarkets, Asda Stores Ltd, a British-based supermarket  chain which  retails  food, clothing and  financial services and the chain of supermarkets Morrisons’.This paper outlines that  Tesco has a  vast structure for corporate governance, which complies with the UK corporate governance code. The effective board is considered the basis for good governance in any corporation. In Tesco, there are four committees that assist the work for  the board of directors and provide them with the support that is directed towards Tesco’s stakeholders. The sub-committees are chaired by the CEO  with the main target to monitor each aspect of  the business and arrange discussions of issues with the executives. The corporate governance section of Tesco’s annual report and financial statements contains a brief outline of the planning and control structure used across the company. It has a five year rolling plan with the categories of planned revenue and capital expenditure. Such data is used for forming the basis for the creation of similar plans for each of the separate group businesses.

Critically evaluate theories of nationalism and its relationship with Essay - 1

Critically evaluate theories of nationalism and its relationship with racism - Essay Example Around Europe, the Napoleonic armies who not only idealized it but also provoked nationalist reactions through their conquests spread the idea of the legitimacy of the nation as opposed to kingdom. Despite the restoration of traditional monarchs after napoleon’s defeat, the seeds of idea had already been sowed all over Europe and the next 50 years it precipitated outbreaks of violence in support for popular nationalism. There are two main theories that explain nationalism the perennialists who argue that nations, natural or otherwise owe their existence to the fact that humans have always lived in societies posit the first. The â€Å"natural† part is inspired by the fact that many nationalist legitimize their nations as natural by virtue of the fact that they have been in existence for centuries. The position of perennialists is that nationalism can be traced to cultural characteristics and the nature of the human landscape with throughout their particular histories; th is takes to consideration every factor including those that are purely symbolic or even mythical. This argument was based on the existence of a number of large ethnic communities especially during the dark and middle ages that used the term nation to describe themselves. In this paper, the relationship between nationalism and racism will be examined with focus on the perennialist and modernist theories of nationalism; as well as the economic impacts and perception of two concepts on word nations. Racial consideration of nationalism was applied to ancient communities and civilizations such as the Egyptians Chinese, Indians and many others, under the perennial perception on nationalism the terms nation and race were interchangeable. Even later nations such as the British, German, and American were seen as races; this implied that the social political community was inherently tied up to a biological exclusiveness that was believed to transcend individuals in the different races. This p erception was and still is conducive ground for the justification or racism and other forms of xenophobia such as Aryan supremacy; communities, especially financially powerful ones used the notion to discriminate others. Racism is loosely defined as the doctrine that assumes some races are superior to others in term of physical intellectual or moral and other aspects justifying right to dominate other â€Å"lesser† races and treat them in an undignified and unequal manner (Smith 1983). For instance, in Europe during the Elizabethan age, individuals of Jewish origin were openly discriminated even by the law; Jews were not allowed to engage in the convectional business activity. From such legal restrictions, popular stereotypes such as those of Jewish â€Å"shylocks† emerged, not because they were naturally predisposed to such activity but because they were compelled by legal restriction to practice usury. This is despite the fact that many Jews were born and grew up in Europe amongst the French and Italians, for instance, by modern consideration such people would have been considered European nationals. However, the assumption them was that one would always remain of the nation, in this case race, which they were born despite cultural and geopolitical translocation. Centuries later when such notions had been discounted by most of the